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Urine Formation
Urine Formation Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the first structure involved in filtration? | glomerulus |
| How does the blood arrive at the glomerulus? | Blood enters the afferent arteriole and flows into the glomerulus through the glomerular capillaries. |
| How are the glomular capillaries different than the systemic capillaries? | The glomerular capillaries are 1) more permeable than systemic capillaries, and 2) have higher BP because the efferent arterioles are smaller than the afferent arterioles. |
| What structure inside the glomerulus does the filtration? | The Bowmans Capsule is the filtration unit of the glomerulus. |
| What happens in the glomerulus? | Filterable blood components like water, glucose, ions (K, Na) and nitrogenous wastes move toward the inside of the glomerulus, the filterable components accumulate in the glomerulus to form glomerular filtrate. |
| What happens to the Non-filterable components of the blood when at the glomerulus? | non-filterables such as cells and larger molecules exit the glomerulus via the efferent arteriole. |
| What is the second step in urine formation? | tubular reabsorption. Tubular reabsorption |
| What happens during tubular reabsorption? | some water and solutes are returned to the blood. |
| Where does the re-absorption process take place? | the proximal convoluted tubule. |
| What cellular structures in the proximal convoluted tubule absorb substances from the flomular filtrate? | epithelial cells with millions of microvilli |
| When the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule absorb substances from the filtrate, what happens to those substances? | They are re-deposited into the capillaries and return to the bloodstream. |
| What hormone controls the amount of water re-absorbed? | Antidiuretic Hormone controls the amount of water reabsorbed. |
| What is the function of aldosterone? | Aldosterone (a hormone) controls reabsorption of sodium and potassium into the bloodstream. Without alderstone, all of the K in the urine would be re-absorbed, causing hyperkalemia which can cause heart failure. |
| What happens to the glomerular filtrate after the reabsorption process is done? | The leftover glomerular filtrate is now called tubular fluid and will pass through the collecting duct to form urine |
| What is the third phase of urine formation? | tubular secretion |
| What happens in the process of tubular secretion? | Tubular secretion is the process in which hydrogen, creatinine and drugs are removed from the blood and added to the urine in the collecting duct. |
| What is the primary benefit of tubular secretion to the body? | This process removes excessive quantities of certain solutes from the body and maintains the blood at a healthy pH level. Among these solutes are Potassium, Hydrogen, Ammonia, Creatinine, Urea as well as some drugs such as penicillin. |
Created by:
russcrick
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