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LS3 - Micro Bio (L5)
Lecture 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA --> transcription --> RNA --> translation --> protein | central dogma |
| ___can serve as a scaffold. ___can direct protein activity, by base pairing with other amino acids. ____can be catalytic. ___can control gene expression. ____can be genetic material. | RNA |
| Example of: RNA can serve as a scaffold | 7SL RNA in Signal Recognition Particle |
| Example of: RNA can direct protein activity | snRNA, snoRNA, telomerase |
| Example of: RNA can be catalytic | RNAseP, ribozyme |
| Example of: RNA can control gene expression | antisense, miRNA, dsRNA interference |
| Example of: RNA can be genetic material | viruses |
| Three major RNA types in gene expression | ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) |
| contains a hydroxyl group on 2' carbon | ribose |
| makes RNA unstable in alkali | 2'-OH group |
| can attack the phosphodiester bonds and break the RNA chain. | alkali |
| The 2’-OH can be | methylated |
| RNA has the base pair ___ instead of thymine, which lacks a methyl group | uracil |
| is a single strand polynucleotide composed of 4 ribonucleotides: A, C, G, and U. | RNA |
| G-U can also form in RNA, as well as A-U | true |
| RNA chains fold back on themselves to form a | double helix |
| minimum of 4 nucleotides (tetraloop) | hairpin loop |
| Like A-form DNA - 2’-OH prevents formation of B-form - Major groove is deep and narrow - Minor groove is shallow, NB 2’-OH | Stem |
| more information in the minor groove of ___, while there is more information in the major groove of ___ | RNA, DNA |
| RNA can only tolerate complementary nucleotides | false |
| Dyskeratosis congenita - defect in Telomerase ____ (kissing loop). | pseudoknot |
| clover leaf structure | tRNA |
| ribosomes of RNA consist of ___ and ____ subunits | large, small |
| 10 million copies of | rRNA |
| 1,900 nt in Eukaryotic ____ | small subunit |
| 4,700 nt in Eukaryotic ___ | large subunit |
| DNA or coding strand aka | sense strand |
| RNA or copy strand aka | antisense strand |
| a triplet of amino acids | codon |
| initiation codon that is cleaved during or after translation (AUG) | methionine |
| Contains continuous open-reading frame (ORF) encoding a specific polypeptide. Also contains non-coding regions at 3’ and 5’ ends (UTR). Found in cytosol, where translation occurs. Has 5’ cap and 3’ polyA. | mRNA |
| untranslated regions confirm stability and unstability | true |
| protects coding region at 5' end | 5' cap |
| protects coding region at 3' end | PolyA tail |
| order is determined by a Code in the DNA (and in the mRNA) | true |
| Redundancy, multiple codons for some | amino acids |
| breaking the genetic code. Used E. coli extract - Single-stranded poly(U) RNA template with radiolabeled amino acids | The Nirenberg Experiment |
| mRNA can be read in __ different frames | 3 |
| 3 ___ codons | stop |
| adapter molecules | transfer RNA |
| total number of codons | 61 |
| can form G-U base pairs known as wobble base pairing | tRNA |
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