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LS3 - Micro Bio (L3)
Lecture 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four WEAK (noncovalent) Interactions | ionic,hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and Van der Waal Forces |
| Strongest noncovalent bond (7 kcal/mol). Attractive force between positively and negatively charged atoms. In ionic bonds, atoms gain or lose electrons completely to its partner. | ionic |
| Involves polar molecules ~2-7 kcal/mol. The electrical attraction between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and highly electronegative atom in another molecule | hydrogen bonds |
| strongest hydrogen bond combination | N'''H-O |
| force that causes nonpolar portions of molecules to stay away from water molecules | hydrophobic |
| Involves Nonpolar molecules. Due to momentary random fluctuations in distribution of electrons in nearby covalent bonds. e.g. Antigen-Antibody interaction | Van der Waals Forces |
| Attraction ____ rapidly with increasing distance. | decreases |
| Stability due to large number of | weak bonds |
| hydrogen bonding between base pairs on ___ strands | opposite |
| hydrophobic stacking between base pairs on the ___ strand | same |
| Two DNA strands wrap together to form a ____-handed double helix (B-form) | right |
| Bases face ___ Sugar/PO4 face ____ | inwards, outwards |
| 10 bases /turn. Right hand helix | B-DNA |
| 11 bases /turn. Right hand helix | A-DNA |
| 12 bases /turn. Left hand helix | Z-DNA |
| Why is there a major groove and a minor groove? | Angle constraints due to bond between base and sugar |
| DNA is Soluble in ____; precipitated in ____ | water, ethanol |
| ____ charged. stable in alkaline (high pH) and ____ pH | negatively, neutral |
| ____ degrade DNA by hydrolysis of ___ bonds | DNase, phosphodiester |
| DNA absorb ___ light (260 nm) | UV |
| dsDNA (double strand) absorb ___ at 260 nm than ssDNA (single strand). Due to bases being blocked from light due to helical structure. | less |
| double strand (ds DNA) → single strand (ssDNA). Break H bonds between complementary bases. Higher temperature, or higher pH (alkaline) +lower salt. | Denature (melt) |
| Single strand (ss DNA) → double strand (dsDNA). Conditions that favor H bond formation. Lower temperature, or neutral pH + higher salt. | Renature (anneal) |
| When two different denatured DNA strands renature with one another | heteroduplex |
| Denaturation occurs at a ___ range of temperature | narrow |
| The temperature corresponding to half the increase in Absorption at 260nm is termed ___ temperature | melting |
| Thermal stability of DNA depends on | base composition |
| ____ reveal three frequencies of genome repetitiveness: highly repetitive, middle repetitive, and single copy. | Reannealing kinetics |
| DNA probes are labeled ____ that will hybridize with ____ sequences. This is the basis for Southern blotting, DNA sequencing, and PCR | polynucleotides, complementary |
| Helix stability is affected by | base mismatches |
| Mismatched hybrid, or heteroduplex, can form under ___ stringency conditions,e.g high salt. | low |
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