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Eilidh Int 2 Unit 2
Intermediate 2 Biology Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of a habitat? | The place where an organism lives |
| What is the community? | All the organisms that live in an area / ecosystem |
| What is the population? | The number of organisms of one type (species) in an area |
| List the 2 parts of an ecosystem? (ecosystem word equation) | community and habitat |
| What is a producer? | A GREEN plant that can make its own food by photosynthesis. |
| What is a consumer? | An organism that gets its energy by eating another organism. |
| What does an arrow show in a food web or chain? | The direction of ENERGY FLOW. |
| Name 2 ways that energy is lost in food chains | Any 2 from, Heat, Movement, Uneaten parts, Undigestible parts |
| What is meant by a pyramid of biomass? | A diagram that shows the MASS of organisms at each stage of a food chain. |
| What is meant by a pyramid of numbers? | A diagram that shows the NUMBER of organisms at each stage of a food chain. |
| What is meant by a pyramid of Energy? | A diagram that shows the ENERGY of organisms at each stage of a food chain. |
| Why do food chains take the shape of pyramids? | Because of energy loss at each stage in the food chain. |
| What is Biodiversity? | The range of species within an ecosystem. |
| What is a species? | A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. |
| Does High or Low Biodiversity made food webs MORE stable? | High |
| What intensity of grazing INCREASES biodiversity/ | HIGH intensity |
| What intensities of grazing DECREASE biodiversity? | Low AND very High |
| What are the main HUMAN activities that leads to decreasing Biodiversity? | Pollution and Habitat destruction. |
| What do PLANTS mainly compete for? | Water, Light & soil nutrients. |
| What do ANIMALS mainly compete for? | Food, water, habitat. |
| What is another word for a sex cell? | Gamete |
| Where are the the male gamete made in PLANTS? | Anther |
| What is the name for the male gamete in PLANTS? | Pollen |
| What is the name for the female Gametes in BOTH plants & animals? | Egg |
| Where are female Gametes produced in BOTH plants & animals? | Ovary |
| What is FERTILISATION? | When the NUCLEUS of the male and female gamete fuse? |
| What is the name of the cell produced at fertilisation? | Zygote |
| How is the genetic code stored in DNA | As a sequence of bases |
| How do genes determine characteristics? | Through the production of PROTEINS eg the production of the protein MELANIN determines hair, eye and skin colour. |
| How does the order of bases control the shape of the proteins in codes for? | The ORDER of BASES determines the ORDER of AMINO ACIDS in the protein. |
| How many pairs of Chromosomes are in a Human cell? | 23 |
| How many chromosomes are in a human cell? | 46 |
| How many SETS of chromosomes are there in a human cell? | 2 sets |
| What do you call the part of a chromosome that codes for a protein? | A Gene |
| What is the chromosome complement of a human cell? | 46 |
| What sex chromosomes are ther in a human Male? | XY |
| What are Alleles? | The different forms of a gene |
| Genotype = | Letters |
| Phenotype = | Physical appearance |
| Homozygous = | same |
| Hetrozygous = | Different |
| True breeding = | Homozygous |
| Why does observed and predicted ratios of offspring not always match | because FERTILISATION is a RANDOM process |
| What is co-dominance | when BOTH genes are expressed in the phenotype because they are equally strong |
| What is POLYGENIC inheritance | Characteristics that are controlled by MORE than one pairs of genes eg skin colour |
| Give an example of an environmental change to a phenotype | scars, sun tan etc |
| Can environmental changes to phenotypes be passed on to offspring? | No |
| What is natural selection? | When best ADAPTED suvive and breed. |
| Give an example of Natural Selection | Peppered Moth |
| What conditions do woodlice move faster in and why? | Light and dry conditions because moving faster makes them more likely to chance upon dark and damp (humid) conditions. |
| List some of the adaptations that cacti have to survive in deserts | Leaves reduced to spines - reduce evaporation Thicker waxy cuticle (coating)- reduce evaporation Fuzzy hair over surface - to deflect sun Numerous shallow roots - for surface water Very deep roots - for deep water Succulent stems - to store water |
| What is an organism's NICHE | The role it plays in an ecosystem eg producer, predator, prey, decomposer |
| What is SELECTIVE BREEDING | Only allowing the organisms witht he BEST characteristics to BREED hoping for improved offspring |
| What are the down sides to selective breeding? | 1. Takes many generations to be effective (long time) 2. No guarantee of success |
| What organisms are used for genetic engineering? | Bacteria |
| Describe the process of genetic engineering. | 1. desired gene removed from chromosome using enzymes 2. plasmid removed & cut open using enzymes 3. gene put into plasmid using enzymes 4. Plasmid put into another bacterium 5. Bacteria reproduce and make product 6. Product removed |
| Name something produced using genetic engineering. | Insulin Growth hormone |
| Advantages of genetic engineering? | High production rate Guaranteed product made |
| Disadvantages of genetic engineering? | Possible release of dangerous bacteria |
| How much energy is LOST at each stage in s foodchain | 90% |
Created by:
nscobie
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