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Astronomy unit 2
the sun
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is the sun moving through space(Where is it coming from & where is it going)? | Towards a point in the constellation Hercules; moving away from a point in the constellation Columbia |
| List the radiation the sun is giving off, in order, from shortest to longest. | gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infeared, microwave and radio waves |
| What color does the sun look & what are the three reasons it looks this color. | Yellow because it is more strongly emitted, the human eye is more sensitive to yellow, and yellow passes more easily through the atmosphere |
| What are the two most abundant elements? Which is the most abundant & second most abundant? | Hydrogen-the most abundant element Helium-second most abundant element |
| What is the state of matter that the surface of the sun is in? | Plasma |
| What are cells on the surface of the sun called? | granules or sunspots |
| What are severe storms on the surface of the sun called? | solar flares |
| What is the distance from the earth to the sun(Kilometers)? | 150,000,000 km. |
| What is the diameter of the sun (kilometers)? | 1.4 million km. |
| What device is used to break down light? What does it use to actually break down the light? | Spectroscope; diffraction grating |
| What information does it give us when we break down the light of a star? | The elements present in the star & their quantity |
| What is the visible surface of the sun called? | photosphere |
| What is the surface temperature of the sun(in Celsius)? Type of star? | 6,000 C; yellow |
| What is the hottest & coolest type of star? What are their surface temperatures? | blue 30,000+C & red 3,000 C |
| When was the sun created? | 6 days; day 4 |
| What percentage of the matter in our solar system is in our sun? | 99% |
| How often does the sun reach a maximum number of sunspots? | every 2 years |
| What device is used to study the sun's atmosphere? What does it do to allow us to see the atmosphere? | coronagraph; it observes the atmosphere and produces an artificial solar eclipse |
| What Greek word does helium come from & what does it literally mean? | helios(mean sun) |
| What is the boundary between the two layers of the sun's atmosphere called? | spicules |
| What are dark spots on the surface of the sun called? What are the two parts & how are they different? | sunspots; umbra-darker, inner area and penumbra-brighter, outer area |
| What group of stars is the sun part of? | Milky Way |
| How many elements are in the sun? How many have been identified? | 105-107; 60 |
| Which direction is the sun rotating? | east to west |
| What things on earth are affected by sunspot activity? | our short-wave radio transmissions |
| Know all the surface temperatures of blue, white, yellow, & red stars. | blue=30,000+, white=11,000, yellow=6000(sun), red=3000 C |
| Who invented the spectroscope? | Joseph Fraunhofer |
| What is the sun's period of rotation at the equator?40 degrees north or south latitude? At the pole? | The same period of rotation at the equator is 25 days.40 degrees North latitude. Sun's period of rotation is 35 days at the poles. |
| What are the three interior layers of the sun(from inner most layer to outer most)? | Core, Radiative zone, and Convective zone |
| What are the two layers of the sun's atmosphere? Which is closest to surface? Which is thicker? | Chromosphere and Corona. The Chromosphere is closest to the surface. The Corona is thicker |
| What things happen in the atmosphere? | Prominences-material goes up then returns to the surface of the sun. Coronal mass ejection |
| What are the different devices used to collect solar energy? | Solar panels(photavoltiac cells) and batteries |
| What is the size of the sun compared to the other stars? | The moon is 400 times closer than the sun |
| What is sunlight made up of? What are the percentages of each? | electromagnetic waves-97%, Neutrinos-3% |
| What type of solar radiation causes sunburns? | Ultraviolet rays |
| What are the advantages of solar energy? Disadvantages? | It is high quality energy(converts readily to work), No waste products. diffuse(spread out), only available during the day. |
Created by:
TwoTew1999
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