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LS3 - Micro Bio (L2)
Lecture 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Streptoccus pneumoniae | Griffith experiment (1928) |
| Transforming principal is DNA. | Avery, MacCleod, and McCarty experiment (1944) |
| Bacteriophage T2. | Hershey and Chase experiment (1952) |
| Non-lethal strain that lacks the polysaccharide capsule. Quickly removed from host by immune system. | Rough strain |
| Lethal strain contains a polysaccharide capsule . Evades the host immune system. | Smooth strain |
| Lethal strain (S strain) was killed by heat and injected into a mouse to see if polysaccharide capsule alone could cause death.Mouse survived. Conclusion? | Polysaccharide capsule alone is not toxic. |
| In vivo transformation: Lethal strain (S strain) was killed with heat and mixed with the non-lethal strain (R strain). When injected into a mouse the mouse died. Bacteria isolated from the lungs of the mouse were both S strain and R phenotype. Con? | Transformation Principle does not require live cells |
| degrades DNA into components | DNases |
| degrades RNA into components | RNases |
| degrades protein into components | Proteases |
| DNase destroys ability of heat extract to transform R strain into S strain. DNA must contain the transforming activity. DNA must contain the genetic information. These are which experimental conclusions? | Avery, Macleod, McCarty |
| T2 phage is much ___ than bacteria | smaller |
| 40% DNA, 60% protein | macrophage |
| The scientist who found DNA is Viscous,acidic, PO4-rich substance (DNA) isolated from pus (1869) | Miescher |
| The scientist who found DNA consists of four bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine,thymine), deoxyribose, and phosphate = nucleotide (1929) | Levene |
| The scientist who found DNA has high MW structure of DNA (polynucleotide). (1938) | Signer |
| ____ rules (1950): % adenine = % thymine % guanine = % cytosine | Chargaffs |
| 2-ring nitrogenous bases. Hydrophobic. e.g Adenine, Guanine | Purines |
| 1-ring nitrogenous bases. Hydrophobic. e.g. cytosine, thymine | pyrimidines |
| the carbon missing the OH in deoxyribose | 2' |
| the carbon involved in phosphodiester bonds | 3' |
| the carbon used to form phosphodiester bonds | 5' |
| this reaction forms a nucleotide and nucleotide chains | condensation reaction |
| what is eliminated in a condensation reaction | water |
| DNA has ___ --> ___ polarity | 5' --> 3' |
| the polarity in DNA is due to the formation of | phosphodiester bonds |
| provides basis for strand pairing | Complementarity |
| (weak) bonding between purines and pyrimidines | hydrogen |
| Stacking of base pairs achieved by a | twist |
| DNA strands run | antiparallel |
| the external background is ___ charged thus ____ | negative, hydrophillic |
| ____ stacking between bases | hydrophobic |
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