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Biology Chapter 10

Biology Chapter 10 Section 1, 2, & 3 Vocab

TermDefinition
virulent describes a microorganism that causes disease and that is highly infectious; strictly, refers only to viruses that reproduce by the lytic cycle
transformation the transfer of genetic material in the form of DNA fragments form one cell to another
bacteriophage a virus that infects bacteria
nucleotide in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
deoxyribose a five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
nitrogenous base an organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA and RNA
purine a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine
pyrimidine a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil
base-pairing rules the rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, and that adenine pairs with uracil in RNA
complementary base pair the nucleotide bases in one strand of DNA or RNA that are paired with those of another strand; adenine pairs thymine or uracil, and guanine pairs with cytosine
base sequence the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA
DNA replication the process of making a copy of DNA
helicase an enzyme that separates DNA strands
replication fork a Y-shaped point that results when the two strands of DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated
DNA polymerase an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule
semi-conservative replication in each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new
mutation a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule
Created by: frankk17
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