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Meiosis
Biology test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genotype | Actual gene content of an individual for a trait, represented by letters, it is the genetic makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | Physical manifestation of a trait, represented by words, the expressed trait of an organism |
| Allele | An alternate form or "flavor" of a gene |
| Dominant allele | Represented by capital letters, in a heterozygote. The allele that determines the phenotype with respect to a particular gene. Masks the expression of a recessive gene |
| Recessive allele | I. A heterozygous individual, the allele that has no noticeable effect on the phenotype. It is masked by the dominant allele only seen when there are two of them, represented by Lowe case letters |
| Homozygous | Having 2 identical alleles for a given gene (TT or tt) |
| Heterozygous | Having one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait (Tt) having two different alleles for a given gene also called hybrid |
| Mono hybrid cross | An experimental mating of individuals differing at one genetic locus |
| Dihybrid cross | An experimental mating of individuals differing at two genetic loci. |
| Homologous chromosomes | The two chromosome s that make up a pair in a diploid cell. They're of the same length, centromere position and staining pattern, and posses alleles for the same genes at corresponding loci. One maternal chromosome and one paternal 23 pairs |
| Crossing over | Occurs in prophase I of meiosis, creates variety. The exchange of segments between chromatin of homologous chromosomes during synapse in prophase I of meiosis, also the exchange if segments between DNA molecules in prokaryotes. |
| Independent assortment | Occurs during metaphase I, chromosomes sort themselves on the equator of the cell independently. Causes lots of variety |
| Eugenics | Study or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species through discouraging reproduction with people having genetic disorders. And encouraging with normal. It is the selective breeding of humans |
| Human genome project | Project that figured out what every gene on every chromosome was responsible for. An international collaboration effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome 1980's-2000's |
| Incomplete dominance | Type of inheritance in which the phenotype of a heterozytgote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two types of the homozygotes. Get an intermediate phenotype |
| Pedigree | Tool used by geneticists to trance alleles through families. Family tree representing the occurrence of heritable traits in parents and offspring across a number of generations |
| Karyotype | Use it to check chromosomes and set of child. Display of micro graphs of the meta-phase chromosomes of a cell arranged by size and centro-mere position, picture of a person's chromosomes lined up from largest to smallest (Homologous pairs) |
| Sex-linked trait (or gene) | Also called X-linked. Typically passed from mothers to sons. A gene located on a sex chromosome normally the X chromosome. |
| Mutations | A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA; the ultimate source of genetic diversity. Causes: radiation chemicals UV radiation(tanning) |
| Clone | To produce identical copies of a cell. A single organism that is genetically identical to another. Genetic Identical twin. Unfertilized egg, remove nucleus, insert diploid nucleus from whom you're trying to clone |
Created by:
Eott55
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