Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Skeletons

Bio II Final

QuestionAnswer
What is the result of muscles acting on skeletons (mostly)? Movement.
What is the exception to movement by muscles acting on skeletons? Planaria that use the 'swimming' motion as a result of cilia movement.
What is the function of the skeleton? To support and protect the body as well as for movement.
What is a hydrostatic skeleton? Fluid trapped within a compartment.
How do hydrostatic skeletons work? Muscles act on the compartment to allow movement or shape change.
Which animals have/use a hydrostatic skeleton? Flatworms, nematodes, cnidarians (large fluid filled cavity), and annelids (individual compartments that move by peristalsis).
What animals use exoskeletons? Bi-valves (not all mollusks) and arthropods (chitin + molting).
Describe endoskeletons. They make up a hard internal support structure made up of bone and cartilage.
What does the shape/hardness of an endoskeleton depend on? Posture, activity, and weight.
What are the three types of joints? Ball and socket, hinge, and pivot.
How do muscles induce movement? By contracting.
Describe extension. It is passive because of paired muscles.
Describe vertebrate skeletal muscle. They are long fibers of single striated cells with multiple nuclei.
What are muscle fibers? Bundles of longitudinal myofibrils.
What makes up myofribrils? Thin filaments of actin and thick filaments of myosin that give the fiber its striated appearance.
What are the striations called? Sarcomeres.
How do actin and myosin interact with each other? Myosin 'walks' along actin. ATP is required for myosin to separate from natural position.
What is a muscle contraction? The sliding of thick and thin filaments past one another.
How many myosin are present in a thick filament? 350.
What leads to a muscle contraction? The muscle is stimulated by a motor neuron Binding sites are normally blocked by tropomyosin, but sites become uncovered in the presence of calcium ions.
What is tropomyosin? A ligand that is normally bound to sites on muscle cells that prevent unnecessary contraction. It becomes released in the presence of calcium ions.
What happens when there are no calcium ions? Not movement.
Where is caclium stored in muscles? How? In the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Muscle actively transports it there.
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum? It is similar to the endoplasmic reticulum. It stores calcium ions necessary for movement.
What causes muscle cells to depolarize when released from motor neurons? Acetycholine.
What occurs when calcium channels are opened because of an action potential? Calcium is dumped into the cytoplasm, which causes the muscle to contract. When calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the contraction stops.
What is ALS? When motor neurons stop telling the muscles anything.
What is botulism? What is it used for? A toxin released by certain bacteria that blocks acetycholine from binding. It is used for botox (hence the little facial movement).
What is tetanus? A disorder caused by bacteria present in soil that causes uncontrollable muscle contractions. The bacteria often enter the body when skin is punctured by rusty metal that has been in the soil.
How can the amount of contraction be changed? By the number of fibers stimulated and the rate of stimulation.
What happens when a muscle is constantly flexed? The muscle switches neurons/fibers to prevent fatigue.
What results from the summation of neuron use? Smoother movement.
Describe cardiac muscle and its' contraction. It is only present in the heart. It is much like skeletal, but cardiac has rhythmic depolarization without a stimulus.
Describe smooth muscle. Smooth muscle surrounds organs and is not striated.
Created by: MichaelaMH
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards