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Science CRCT
CRCT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ONE YEAR | 1 revolution of the earth around the Sun is 365 days |
| ONE DAY | 1 rotation of the Earth ON ITS AXIS(23 hours 56 minutes rounded to 24 hours) |
| Equinox | During the spring and fall around March 21 and September 21(Sun is directly at the equator)there is an equal amount of daylight and darkness |
| Solstice | During June 21 and December 21, are the longest days of the year |
| Objects in the sky at night | Earth is rotating on its axis and revolving around the Sun |
| Solar Eclipse | the moon is between the Sun and Earth |
| Lunar Eclipse | the Earth is between the Sun and moon |
| Eclipses | Shadows from the Earth and moon |
| Inner Planets | Solid planets such as Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars that are more dense than the outer planets |
| Outer Planets | The gas planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune |
| Moon to revolve around the Earth | approximately 28 days and during this time the moon will go through all the phrases |
| Big Bang Theory | how the universe was created states that the universe began as a point of energy and matter that exploded which allowed everything in the universe to form |
| Seasons | Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall occur because of the tilt of the Earth's axis |
| Day and Night | Earth rotates on its axis and 1 rotation is about 24 hours |
| Objects float in space | Earth's gravity affects objects less and less the farther the object is from Earth. Gravity holds all objects in the Solar System in place |
| Moon | Appears to change shape because it revolves around Earth. The Moon's actual shadow causes phrases of the Moon. The moon can be waxing(gain light) or waning(loose light)during the month |
| Affect appearance of a shadow | the position of the light source and the position of the object itself |
| Asteroid Belt | located between Mars and Jupiter. It separates the inner planets and the outer planets |
| Three types of galaxies | irregular(no definite shape), elliptical(oval shaped), and spiral(Frisbee shaped) |
| Milky Way | spiral shaped and our Solar System is located near the outside edge of the Milky Way, far from the center. |
| Comet | chunk of rock and ice that orbits the sun like a planet. Comets come from Kuiper Belt and or Oort Cloud |
| meteor | friction of the Earth's Atmosphere making the meteoroid burn up. Sometimes meteoroids strike the Earth's surface. Then they are known as a meteorite. |
| Spring Tides | When the Earth, Moon, and the Sun are in a straight line in orbit, high tides can occur |
| Neap Tides | When the Sun, Moon, and Earth form a 90 degree angle, the tides will be lower than normal |
| Apollo Space Program | the one that reached the moon |
| planet's or star's gravity | The closer an object moves a planet or star, the greater the effect that planet's or star's gravity will have on that object |
| magnitude of a star | Star's brightness |
| Apparent Magnitude | how the star appears on Earth |
| Absolute Magnitude | how bright the star actually is |
| Sun | medium sized star |
| Light Year | distance light can travel in one year |
| Novas and Supernovas | exploding stars in space |
| Quasars | star-like objects, they are brighter than stars and considered to be the most luminous(giving off its own light) objects in the Universe |
| Pulsars | stars that pulsate, when this happens the star appears to be dimming and becoming brighter as it pulsates |
| Electromagnet Spectrum | the arrangement of electromagnetic waves |
| Reflecting Telescopes | uses lenses and mirrors to view distant objects |
| Refracting Telescopes | uses lenses to view distant objects |
| Radio telescopes, X-ray telescopes, Infrared telescopes, and Gamma ray Telescopes | use invisible waves from the electromagnetic spectrum to make images on computer screens of distant object |
| Satellite | any natural or manmade object that revolves or orbits around another object |
| Asteroids | large meteoroid in space and most of them are located in the Asteroid Belt |
| Vacuum | The Moon has no atmosphere and weathering and erosion cannot take place on the Moon |
| Rings | All the outer planets have rings. Saturn has the most rings and Jupiter has the most moons |
| Earth | The only planet in the Solar System that can support life. It has sufficient water and oxygen and a climate that can support life |
| Constellations | patterns of stars in the sky, can provide a map to locate objects in space |
| Astronomical Unit | Used to refer distances in space, one AU is about 93,000,000 miles, or the distance between Sun and the Earth |
| orbit around the sun | the closer the planet is to the Sun, the shorter the year it will have because its orbit around the Sun is shorter |
| Gravitational Pull | The larger an object in space the more gravitational pull it will have. The Moon has a gravitational pull about 1/6 that of the Earth. If you weighed 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh about 18 pounds on the moon. |
| Life in the Universe | There is no other life in the Universe besides the life on Earth. |
| Black Hole | a collapsed star whose gravity has grown so great that even light cannot escape its atmosphere |
| Space Probe | launched into space to travel to distant areas in space while sending back information by electromagnetic waves |
| Space Shuttle | takes of like a rocket but flies and lands like an airplane |
| Space Station | allow astronauts to stay and orbit Earth for a couple of months |
| Geocentric Theory | Earth was at the center of the Solar System |
| Heliocentric Theory | the Sun was the center of the Solar System |
| Our Solar System | located towards the outskirts of our Galaxy, "The Milky Way," Our Solar System, The Milky Way, and all of the other matter make up the Universe. |
| Globular Cluster and Open Cluster | Stars can be grouped together in formations |
| Photosphere | our Sun is the part we can see from Earth. |
| light from the Sun | It takes about 8 minutes for the light from the Sun to reach the Earth(186,000 miles per second) |
| Objects we see at Night | show us the past because we are viewing the light that left the objects or reflected off the objects. It may take a million years for this light to reach Earth. |
| Nuclear Fusion | Stars make their energy. This process creates much more energy |
| What do scientists say | the Universe is still expanding today |
| Luminous | gives off its own light |
| Illuminated | it reflects the light from other objects |
| valley | more deeply eroded than two other valleys in the near vicinity |
| metamorphic rock | heat and pressure inside the Earth |
| mineral mica | breaks with cleavage because the atoms have a regular arrangement which allows this to happen |
| Hot Spot | The Hawaiian Chain was created by magma rising through the crust of the Earth in the same area for a very long time |
| Coal | formed from dead plants that lived millions of years ago. Types: Anthracite, Bituminous, and Lignite |
| Nonrenewable Resources | once it is used, it can no longer be created |
| Renewable Resources | resources that can be used over and over again and will not run out |
| Erosion | can cause mountains to be worn away over millions of years |
| Regional Climate | The greatest influence that would cause the most weathering and erosion on the Earth's surface |
| Faulting | breaking and cracking of the Earth's crust on the Earth's surface as well as below the surface |
| Mountains | high elevations and steep slopes |
| Plains | low elevations and gentle slopes |
| Plateaus | medium elevations with steep to gentle slopes |
| Halite | breaks with cleavage and at 90 degree right angles to each other. when it breaks, the shape looks like cubes |
| Limestone | made from the element Calcium that forms into the mineral Calcite which forms into Limestone |
| Chemical Weathering | a rock that can be worn down by chemicals in the environment |
| Mechanical Weathering | a rock that would be caused by physical processes like moving water, wind, and glaciers |
| Glacier | ice U-Shaped valleys that can be created in mountain areas when these glaciers move along. Can be found on mountains or ice covering large areas of land. |
| Fjords and Sea Inlets | carved by glaciers |
| Crevasses | cracks in a glacier |
| Till and Moraine | debris that are pick up and carried by the glacier |
| Moh's Mineral scale | hardness of minerals from 1-10 |
| Crystal Structure | difference of the minerals hardness |
| Compaction | sediment being pushed together |
| Igneous Rock | magma is cooled down |
| Rock Cycle | process of rock changing from one form to another |
| Three types of volcanoes | Shield, Cinder Cone, and Composite |
| Shield | gently sloping side-layers of lava build up creating it |
| Cinder Cone | steep sided-made of tephra, loosely packed material like ash and dust |
| Composite | looks like a regular mountain with layers of tephra and lava building it up |
| Three types of earthquakes | Primary Waves, Secondary Waves, and Surface Waves |
| Richter scale | measures the strength of an earthquake |
| Seismograph | the instrument that picks up seismic(earthquake)waves |
| Seismologist | a scientist that studies earthquakes |
| Minerals and Rocks characteristics | hardness, color, streak, fracture, cleavage, and luster |
| Specific Gravity | characteristic of a mineral-it is the ration of the weight of the mineral compared with an equal volume of water |
| Asthenosphere | plastic like |
| Lithosphere | more solid and rock like |
| Silicon | the most abundant element in the Earth's crust |
| Silicon Dioxide | known as sand, the most abundant compound in the Earth's crust |
| Aluminum | the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust |
| Ore | a rock that contains a metal that can be extracted and use to help humanity |
| Foliated Rocks | rocks that form in layers |
| Nonfoliated Rocks | rocks that don't form in layers |
| Continental Drift | scientific process used by scientists to explain how one large landmass millions of years ago became the 7 continents we have today |
| Cementation | when particles of gets glued or cemented together. this can happen in sedimentary rocks |
| Deposition | depositing sediments in an area and layers can build up over time |
| Fossil Fuels | coal, oil known as petroleum, and natural gas are nonrenewable |
| Topographic Map | a map that shows changes in elevation |
| Three Horizons in the soil profile | Horizons A, B, and C |
| Stalactites | cone feature hanging from the top of a cave |
| Stalagmites | cone feature building up from the bottom of a cave |
| Paleontology | study of the past like fossils and dinosaurs |
| Paleontologist | a scientist that studies the past |
| Uniformitarianism | belief that the Geologic processes of the past are happening just like they are today forming the features of the Earth's surface |
| Catastrophism | the idea that geologic change occurs suddenly. |
| Superposition | states that younger rock layers lie above older rock layers |
| unconformity | rock layers have been folded, tilted, or changed drastically |
| Rock Layers(called Strata) | can be stretched(tension), folded, uplifted, subducted (pushed down or under other rock layers), or compressed (pushed together) |
| Direct evidence of the movements of the Earth's tectonic plates | Earthquakes and Volcanoes |
| Indirect evidence of the movements of the Earth's plates | fossil of an ocean fish found on top of a high mountain that is no longer covered by ocean water |
| Two types of Earth's crust | Oceanic and Continental |
| Sea Floor Spreading | Younger rock is found at the middle of the oceans near the Mid-Ocean Ridges, while older rock is found towards the continents |
| Seismology | study of earthquakes |
| Convergent Plate Boundary | where tectonic plates are moving together |
| Divergent Plate Boundaries | where tectonic plates are moving apart |
| Transform Plate Boundaries | where tectonic plates are sliding side by side |
| Plate Tectonics | the theory that the crustal plates of the Earth have been moved and are still moving today |
| Eons | longest time category |
| Eras | second largest time category |
| Periods | third largest time category |
| Epochs | fourth largest time category |
| Anticline | formation in which rock layers have been folded upward and make an A-shaped structure |
| Syncline | the opposite in which rock layers have been folded downward into a U-shaped formation |
| Convection | air is heated by sunlight |
| Clouds | dense, cold air pushes warm air upward |
| The Gulf Stream | warm ocean current that can affect the climate of the northern part of the United States |
| Hail | produced when wind lifts water droplets high into a thunderstorm cloud. the droplets freeze. |
| Hailstone | stronger storm |
| Water Vapor | in desert air(humidity) |
| Bodies of Water, Oceans, Rivers, Lakes | change temperature slowly because liquids heat and cool more slowly than other types of matter |
| Weather Forecasts | accurate weather the Earth has |
| Fronts | show boundaries of air masses |
| Land | solid, absorbs radiation from the Sun faster than water, it heats more quickly than water |
| Global Winds | high pressure polar air low pressure equatorial air |
| Snowfall | temperatures are 32 degrees or below and clouds precipitate |
| Interior | continents have more extreme differences between winter and summer because these areas are away from the effects of the ocean |
| Solar Radiation | produce heat on Earth because the radiation warms the air |
| Radiation | from the Sun can effect both weather and climate |
| Earth's rotate on axis | Makes global winds curve |
| Tides | have to do with Sun and Moon's gravitational pull on the Earth causing the rise and fall of the ocean |
| Effect Earth's climate change | Meteorite collisions, deforestation, and changing ocean currents |
| Sea and Land Breeze | the land heats and cools more quickly than the water |
| Air is warmed by sunlight | the air expands and rises resulting in convection |
| Hygrometer or Psychrometer | measures the amount of humidity in the air |
| Rain Gauge | measures how much rain has fallen |
| Anemometer | measures the speed of wind |
| Thermometer | measures temperature |
| Ocean Bottom | Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Abyssal Plain |
| Humidity | water vapor in the air and can cause a person to feel damp on a hot summer day |
| The Dew Point Temperature | the actual temperature of the air it has to be in order to condensation |
| Sea Breeze | occurs during the night |
| Land Breeze | occurs during the day |
| Groundwater | if used more quickly than replaced then wells can go dry |
| sky over deserts is not cloudy | not enough moisture or humidity in the air for clouds to form |
| Aquifer | a very large area underground that can supply water to thousands of people |
| Volcanoes | are part of the water cycle because they do release water vapor into the atmosphere |
| Wind and Temperature variations | cause ocean currents |
| Earth's water and land | water 70% and land 30% |
| Mineral can get into streams and rivers | rainwater can dissolve the minerals out of the rocks and soils during the runoff when it is raining |
| Seafloor Spreading | new ocean floor because magma comes to the surface and makes new seafloor |
| Volcanoes and Ridges | form as the ocean floor spreads apart |
| Subduction | one plate move under another |
| Ring Of Fire | located around the Pacific Ocean is the most active place on Earth for volcanoes and earthquakes |
| Temperatures and Climate | can be slightly warmer |
| Hurricane | waken as they move over cooler water because they lose their fuel source |
| Evaporation | changing from liquid to gas |
| Condensation | changing from gas to a liquid |
| Precipitation | rain, snow, sleet, hail, freezing rain |
| Warm Winters and Cool Summer | oceans warm the city during the winter and cools the city during the summer because water warms and cools more slowly than air and land |
| Five Types of clouds | Cirrus, Cumulus, Stratus, Cumulonimbus, Nimbostratus |
| Cirrus | high clouds made of ice crystals |
| Cumulus | middle height clouds made of water vapor, these are fair weather clouds, seen in the summer |
| Stratus | low level clouds that look like a dull gray blanket |
| Cumulonimbus | clouds are thunderstorm clouds that can produce hail, lightning, and tornadoes |
| Nimbostratus | rain clouds that produce drizzle or steady rain but really no severe weather |
| Nimbo | a Latin word for rain |
| Troposphere | lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere in which 99% of all weather occurs |
| Stratosphere | above the troposphere and contains the ozone layer that protects us from the Sun's harmful ultraviolent rays |
| Hydrosphere | all of the water on the Earth's surface |
| Greenhouse Effect | when carbon dioxide and water vapor trap the Sun's heat in the Earth's atmosphere |
| Global Warming | humans are producing too much carbon dioxide |
| Coriolis Effect | causes air to move to the left in the Southern Hemisphere and to the right in the Northern Hemisphere |
| Geologist | studies the inside of Earth's surface features as well as inside of the Earth |
| Meteorologist | studies the Earth's weather and atmosphere |
| Salinity | measure of how much salt is dissolved in ocean water |
| Longshore Current | the movement of the ocean that is parallel to the beach or coastline |
| Earth's Atmosphere | 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and 1% Argon |
| El Nino | the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America |
| La Nina | the cooling of the Pacific Ocean water off the coast of South America, it can also affect the Earth's weather patterns |
| Geo | Earth |
| Bio | life |
| Hydro | water |
| Pyro | fire |
| Micro | small |
| Mega | large |
| Magneto | magnetic |
| Astro | space |
| Electro | electricity |
| Lith | rock |
| Therm | temperature, heat |
| Cryo | cold |
| Nimbo | rain |
| Photo | light |
| Meta | change |
| Solar | sun |
| Lunar | moon |
| Baro | weight |
| Super, Ultra, Hyper | more than |
| Sub | under |
| Intrusive | inside |
| Extrusive | outside |
| Bi, Di | two |
| Poly, Multi | many |
| Tri | three |
| Un, In, Non, Mis | not |
| Mono, Uni | one |
| Quad | four |
| Penta | five |
| Octo | eight |
| Omni | all |
| Re | again |
| Iso | equal |
| Homo | same |
| Hetero | different |
| Paleo, Archeo | ancient |
| Seismo | earthquake |
| Volcan, Vulcan | volcano |
| Meso | middle |
| Neo | new |
| Chromo | time |
| Strato | layers |
| Sphere | ball shaped |
| Pro | forward, positive |
| Infra | being or belonging to |
| Pre | before |
| Trans | across, beyond, travel |
| Audio | to hear |
| Hypo | less than |
| Tele | distance, travel |
| organic | contains carbon and is found in living things |
| inorganic | does not contain carbon and is nonliving, like certain rocks and all minerals |
Created by:
Eshani
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