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zoo ch13 pt 5
brain and cranial nerves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| olfactory | olfactory epithelium (smell) |
| optic | retina of eye (vision) |
| oculomotor | most extrinsic eye muscles, some intrinsic eye muscles |
| trochlear | superior oblique muscle |
| trigeminal | somatic sense receptors from face; chewing muscles |
| abducens | lateral rectus muscle |
| facial | facial expression muscles; taste receptors on anterior tongue |
| vestibulocochlear | cochlea and vestibule in inner ear (hearing and equilibrium) |
| glossopharyngeal | taste receptors from posterior tongue; swallowing muscles |
| vagus | visceral organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| accessory | sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles |
| hypoglossal | tongue muscles |
| nociceptors | pain receptors = free nerve endings |
| fast pain receptors are | carried by myelinated Type A fibers to primary sensory cortex (specific localization of pain sensation) |
| slow pain receptors are | carried by unmyelinated Type C fibers to reticular formation and thalamus (poor localization of pain sensation) |
| thermoceptors | temperature receptors = free nerve endings |
| chemoreceptors | respond to water-soluble and lipid-soluble substances that are dissolved in body fluids |
| mechanoreceptors | sensitive to stimuli that distort their plasma membranes, contain mechanically gated channels |
| proprioreceptors | monitor position of joints and muscles |
| baroreceptors | monitor pressure changes in blood vessels and hollow organs |
| tactile receptors | fine touch and pressure receptors provide detailed localization; crude touch and pressure receptors provide poor localization |
| tonic receptors | always active, and generate action potentials at a frequency related to level of stimulation |
| phasic receptors | normally inactive, become active for short time when stimulated |
| reticulospinal tracts | originate in reticular formation |
| vestibulospinal tracts | originate in vestibular nuclei, which respond to changes in orientation of the head |
| tectospinal | originate in tectum (superior and inferior colliculi) of midbrain, initiate reflex responses to visual and auditory stimuli, causing reflexive changes in pos of head, neck, and upper limbs in response to bright lights, sudden movements, or loud noises |
| referred pain | the sensation of pain in a part of the body other than its actual source |
| parkinson disease | movement disorder resulting when neurons of the substantia nigra are damaged or secrete less dopamine |
| rabies | CNS disorder resulting from retrograde flow of viruses in peripheral axons |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | (ALS, or Lou Gehrig disease): disorder involving degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons |
| alzheimer disease | (AD): most common cause of senile dementia, involving complexes called Alzheimer plaques, affecting areas such as the hippocampus |
| multiple sclerosis | (MS): disease characterized by recurrent incidents of demyelination of axons |
Created by:
btuehara
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