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zoo ch.11 pt3
neurophysiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| all-or-none principal | if the threshold is reached, an action potential will always be produced, and stronger stimuli do not produce larger action potentials |
| absolute refractory period | period in which no stimulus of any strength can trigger a new action potential |
| relative refractory period | period in which a relatively stronger stimulus can trigger a new action potential |
| the larger the axon diameter the ?? | lower the resistance to ion movement, and the faster the action potential travels |
| electrical synapses | cells are joined by gap junctions |
| chemical synapses | cells communicate through neurotransmitter release; synaptic delays occur at chemical synapses |
| excitory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) | graded depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane (shifts postsynaptic potential closer to threshold for action potential = facilitation) |
| inhibitory postsnaptic potential (IPSP) | graded hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane |
| temporal summation | occurs when a single synapse is activated repeatedly |
| spatial summation | involves multiple synapses that are activated simultaneously |
| acetylcholine (ACh) | widespread in CNS and PNS; best known and most studied |
| norepinephrine | involved in attention, consciousness |
| epinephrine | generally excitatory effects along autonomic pathways |
| serotonin | important in emotional states, moods, and body temperature |
| glutamate | important in memory and learning |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | opens Cl- channels as a direct inhibitory effect |
Created by:
btuehara
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