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B2
Biology GCSE
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| classification system | kingdom > phylum > class > order > family > genera > species |
| protista | single celled organisms that feed through photosynthesis/ingestion and move using cilia or flagella |
| monera | single celled organisms with no nucleus that absorb nutrients through cell wall or produce their own. may or may not move. |
| fungi | multicellular organisms that have a nucleus that acquire nutrients from decaying material |
| plants | multicellular organisms that require sunlight to make food through photosynthesis; most dont move |
| animals | multicellular organisms that acquire nutrients through ingestion and move through cilia, flagella or muscles |
| artificial classification | based on observed characteristics and designed for a practical purpose, convenience and simplicity |
| natural classification | based on relationships between organisms and considers more evidence including internal and external features |
| arthropod classes | crustacean, insect, arachnid and myriapod |
| trophic level | the position or stage that an organism occupies in a food chain, what it eats and what eats it. |
| pyramids of numbers | shows how many organisms are at each stage of a food chain and is not always pyramid shaped |
| pyramids of biomass | shows the energy flow through an ecosystem; always pyramid shaped |
| nitrogen-fixing bacteria | convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in the soil |
| denitrifying bacteria | converts nitrates and ammonium compounds into atmospheric nitrogen |
| nitrifying bacteria | convert ammonium compounds into nitrates in the soil |
| interspecific competition | where individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem |
| parasites | organisms that survive by living off other organisms |
| mutualistic realtionship | two organisms form a relationship in which both organisms benefit from |
| intraspecific competetition | where individuals of the same species compete for the same resources; they have the exact same needs. |
| counter-current heat exchange | in penguins, flippers have large surface area to volume ratio so they will lose heat quickly; warm blood entering flippers will flow past cold regions to warm it up, then returning to rest of the body. |
| extremophiles | organisms that are biochemically adapted to extreme conditions |
| specialists | organisms that are only suited to certain habitats |
| generalists | organisms that can live in a wide range of habitats |
| natural selection | the process in which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are able to survive and reproduce |
| carbon footprint | the amount of greenhouse gases a person or event is responsible for emitting in a given timescale |
| indicator species | species that have evolved to resist the toxic effects of pollution so they can survive and can indicate where high levels of pollution are present |
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nadiabacha
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