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working cell
chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| energy | the ability or capacity to do work |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| conservation of energy principle | energy can be changed but it cannot be created or destroyed |
| heat | product of all energy conversions(kinetic energy) |
| entrophy | measure of disorder or randomness |
| chemical energy | found in food gasoline(potential energy) |
| cellular respiration | energy releasing chemical breakdown of fuel molecules |
| calorie | amount of energy if takes to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celsius |
| kilocalorie | 1000 calories |
| atp | adenosine plus a tail of 3 phosphate groups |
| how does atp function | energy coupling or atp cycle |
| metabolism | the sum of all chemical reactions that occur |
| activation energy | energy that activates the reactants in a chemical reaction-enzynes lower the activation energy for chemical reactions |
| substrate | starting material |
| induced fit | when active site changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate |
| enzyme inhibitors | substrate imposters that plug the active site |
| feedback regulation | when an inhibitor stops the cell from wasting resources |
| passive transport | requires no energy |
| diffusion | a result of the movement of molecules |
| facilitated diffusion | transport of some substances by specific transport proteins by specific corridors |
| osmosis | passive transport of water through a permeable selective membrane |
| hypertonic solution | higher concentration of solute |
| hypotonic solution | lower concentration of solute |
| isotonic solution | equal concentration of solute |
| osmoregulation | control of water balance in animals |
| functions of membrane proteins | attachment to cytoskeleton,signaling,act as enzymes,transport,joining,cell to cell recognition |
| active transport | requires energy to move molecules across a membrane |
| exocytosis | secretes substances outside cell |
| endocytosis | takes material in cell |
| phagocytosis | cell eating |
| pinocytosis | cell drinking |
| plasmolysis | when plant cell loses water and plasma membrane pulls from cell wall |
| cellular communication | reception of extracellular signal |
| signal transduction signal | proteins and other molecules that relay extracellular signal |
| directed evolution | lab procedure where genes for a particular enzyme were mutated at random |
| potential energy | stored energy |
Created by:
daveman92
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