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SLSBio12respiration
SLSBio12respirationSJ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alveoli | a small cell containing air in the lungs, a sac-like dilation of the alveolar ducts in the lung |
| aortic bodies | A cluster of chemoreceptors, baroreceptors and supporting cells located in the wall of the aortic of the aortic arch near the heart, and is sensitive to changes in blood pressure and levels of blood gases |
| bicarbonate ions | vital component of the pH buffering system |
| bronchi | any of the major air passages of the lungs that diverge from the windpipe. |
| bronchioles | any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides |
| carbaminohemoglobin | a compound of haemoglobin and carbon dioxide, and is one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood. 10% of carbon dioxide is carried in blood this way |
| carbon dioxide | a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis. |
| carbonic anhydrase | an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of dissolved bicarbonates and carbon dioxide. |
| carotid bodies | a small mass of receptors in the carotid artery sensitive to chemical change in the blood. |
| cilia | a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. they occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion. |
| diaphragm | a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs. |
| exhalation | the process or action of exhaling. This happens due to elastic properties of the lungs, as well as the internal intercostal muscles which lower the rib cage and decrease thoracic volume |
| external respiration | the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation |
| hydrogen ions | a positively charged atom of hydrogen; that is to say, a normal hydrogen atomic nucleus |
| inhalation | the action of inhaling or breathing in. In humans it is the movement of air from the external environment, through the airways, and into the alveoli. |
| intercostal muscles | muscles between the ribs; they contract during inspiration |
| internal respiration | the metabolic processes where organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs |
| larynx | the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box. |
| lungs | each of the pair of organs situated within the rib cage, consisting of elastic sacs with branching passages into which air is drawn, so that oxygen can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide be removed. |
| mucus | a slimy substance, typically not miscible with water, secreted by mucous membranes and glands for lubrication, protection, etc. |
| nasal cavity | either of the two cavities lying between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth and extending from the face to the pharynx |
| oxygen | plays a crucial role in various biochemical and physiological processes, such as in cellular respiration. Its presence makes cellular respiration about ten times more efficient in yielding ATP. |
| oxyhemoglobin | a bright red substance formed by the combination of hemoglobin with oxygen, present in oxygenated blood. |
| pH | is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. Pure |
| pharynx | the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus. |
| pleural membrane | double-layered serous membrane found in the thoracic cavity. The outer layer is called the parietal pleura and lines the thoracic wall, and the inner layer is called the visceral pleura and covers the lungs. allows for easier movement during breathing |
| reduced hemoglobin | A combination of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide that is found in venous blood. |
| RC in the medulla oblongata | presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is the stimulant that the RC responds to in order to signal the respiratory muscles to breathe |
| respiratory tract | the passage formed by the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs, through which air passes during breathing. |
| ribs | one of a series of curved bones that are articulated with the vertebrae and occur in pairs, 12 in humans, on each side of the vertebrate body, certain pairs being connected with the sternum and forming the thoracic wall. |
| stretch receptors | a sensory receptor that responds to the stretching of surrounding muscle tissue and so contributes to the coordination of muscle activity. |
| thoracic cavity | the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart |
| trachea | a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe. |
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sjackson2
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