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LS3 - Micro Bio (L1)

Lecture 1

QuestionAnswer
How many cells do humans have? 10^14
Complete set of DNA. Contains 3,000 mega base pairs Genome
Complete set of proteins. About 32,000 proteins Proteome
Cells that do not contain membrane organelles or a nucleus Eubacterial Cells
May infect bacteria, plants, or animals. Consists of DNA or RNA and protein (+ protein). Intracellular Parasites Virus
dependent on host for replication Intracellular Parasites
300 nm, 1,181,404 bp, 911 protein-coding genes Mimivirus genitalium
300 nm, 582,970 bp, 521 genes (482 protein-encoding genes) Mycoplasma genitalium
Philosophy of model organisms: KIT that regulates development in human and mouse All life processes exhibit remarkable similarities
Single-cell organism (intestinal). Lifecycle: doubles every 20 minutes. Growth in liquid and on solid media. Single circular chromosome without nucleus(prokaryote). Genome: 4.6 Mb. Proetome: 4,300 proteins. E (Escherichia) coli
Free-living single cell organism. Grows in liquid and on agar surfaces. Lifecycle: doubles every 90 minutes. 16 linear haploid chromosomes within nuclear membrane (eukaryote). Genome: 12 Mb. Proteome: 6,000 proteins. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Genome: 97 Mb. Proteome: 19,000 proteins. 959 somatic cells. Favorite model organism due to: longevity, RNA control of gene expression, cell lineage & development. Transparent organism. Caenorhabditis elegans
Shows many of same defects, responses, biochemical pathways as humans. 10^11 cells = 90% similarity. Genome: 3,000 Mb(haploid). Proteome: 30,000 proteins. Mouse (Mus musculus)
Can manipulate genetically. ETHICS
23 chromosome pairs. 1 gene = 77kb. 1.5% encodes protein. Human genome
Increased genome size and increased complexity of Transcription and Processing. Eukaryote
Inherited traits (phenotype) determined by DNA sequence. Affected by: mutation, activation, repression. Genetics
Inherited traits (phenotype) determined by means other than DNA sequence. e.g. methylation of DNA and protein to form heterochromatin. Epigenetics
Created by: 1448203543
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