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FBVP Test
Fungi, Bacteria, Virus, Protist
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a virus? | a biological particle or pathogen |
| What does the name virus come from? | Latin for poison |
| Who found the first virus? | Wendell Stanley |
| How? | He was studying TMV |
| What is the structure of a virus? | has a DNA or RNA core surrounded by a capsid. Some have an envelope with spikes. |
| What are the tree shapes of viruses? | rod, spherical, polyhedral |
| What two things to viruses not have? | cell organelles and metabolic reactoins |
| How do they reproduce? | only inside a host cell |
| How are viruses classified? | by nucleic acid and shape |
| What are the different sizes of viruses? | 17 nm-100 nm |
| What is an example of host specific viruses? | bacteriophage--only infect bacteria |
| Are viruses living or nonliving? | nonliving--no cell organelles, no metabolic reactions, reproduce only inside a host cell |
| Explain the lytic cycle | virus takes over host cell, replicates, and destroys host cell |
| What are the steps of the lytic cycle? | attachment, entry, replication, formation, assembly, lysis |
| What do viruses use of the host cell? | nucleotides, ribosomes, tRNA, and AA |
| What does virulent mean? | short incubation time, lytic cycle only |
| What is the lysogenic cycle? | virus invades cell and becomes part of DNA |
| Step? | attachment, entry, intergration, virus DNA open and join forming a provirus, cell division, 2 host cells with provirus |
| What can a provirus do? | change phenotype of host, prevent other viruses from entering host, pull out of host DNA and enter lytic cycle |
| What is a temperate virus? | Long incubation period, lysogenic only |
| What are the steps of the RNA lytic cycle? | attachment, entry, replication of viral RNA, formation, lysis |
| Steps of lysogenic RNA? | inject viral RNA, makes DNA copy using reverse transcriptase, replicates and enters host DNA to become a provirus? |
| What is reverse transcriptase? | an enzyme used by viral RNA to make a DNA copy |
| What is a retrovirus? | RNA viruses that go through the lysogenic cycle |
| What is a vaccine? | an injection of weakened or killed viruses |
| Who developed the first vaccine, for what? | Jonas Salk, polio |
| Also know measles, smallpox | |
| What are bacteria? | unicellular prokaryotes |
| What are the 2 domains? | archaea and bacteria |
| Where is archaea found? | marshes, swamp, hot sulfur, springs, etc. |
| Where is bacteria found? | any habitat |
| What are characteristics of archaebacteria? | cell walls without peptidoglycan, auto/hetero, anaerobic, harsh and intense environments |
| Characteristics of eubacteria? | cell walls with peptidoglycan, auto/hetero, free living or parasites |
| Examples for eubacteria? | E. coli, strep, anabaena |
| Name the cell parts of a bacteria. | cell wall, nucelic acid, capsule, flagella, pili, ribosomes, plasmid |
| What is an endospore? | tough protein coat formed inside cell to survive harsh conditions |
| What are bacteria classified according to? | shape, arrangement, staining property |
| What are three shapes of bacteria? | spherical (coccus), rod (bacillus), spiral (spirillum) |
| What are arrangements of bacteria? | diplo, staphlo, strepto |
| What does gram stain + mean? | thin layer of peptidoglycan, pink |
| What does gram stain - mean? | thick layer of peptidoglycan, purple |
| What are forms of nutrition? | heterotrophs/parasitic, saprophytic, photosynthetic autotrophs, chemosynthetic autotrophs |
| What are forms of respiration? | obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes |
| What are forms of reproduction? | bianry fission, conjugation, sexual reproduction |
| What is binary fission? | split in two--like mitosis |
| What is conjugation? | transfer to an acceptor bacteria through a small bridge |
| What role do spores play? | buds form and produce new cells, spores can survive before hatching |
| Advantages of bacteria? | human intestine, food production, culturation, decomposers, nitrogen fixation, producers |
| Disadvantages of bacteria? | produce toxins |
| What is an endotoxin? | toxic substance bound to cell wall? |
| What is an exotoxin | secreted substance toxic |
| What are antibiotics? | medication used to help kill or assist immune system in destruction of bacteria |
| What are hyphae? | filaments making up a fungus |
| What are mycelium | mass of tangled hyphae, most enbedded in soil or tissue |
| What is a fruiting body? | reproductive structure ex mushroom cap |
| What are spores | reproductive structure located at tips of hyphae |
| What are forms of reproduction for fungi? | fragmentation, budding, spores, asexual, sexual |
| What are zygomycota example? | bread mold |
| Feeding? | saprobes |
| Reproduction? | sex/asex |
| Form of reproduction? | form zygote hypae which fuse |
| Basidiomycota? | mushrooms or puffballs |
| Feeding? | saprobes |
| Reproduction? | sex/asex |
| Form of ^ | basidia produce spoes |
| Uses? | Can be eaten |
| Ascomycota? | yeast, mildew, mold |
| Feeding? | heterotrpohic parasites |
| reproduction? | sex/asex |
| Form of reproduction? | ascus produce spores |
| uses? | brewing, baking |
| Deutromycota? | penicillin, athletes foot, ringworm |
| Reproduction? | asex |
| Other names? | imperfect fungi |
| Uses? | soy sauce and blue cheese |
| What is a saprobe? | one that feeds on dead matter and tissue |
| What is a lichen? | a two part organism in a mutualistic relationship |
| What is the symbiotic relationship in lichen? | fungus provides protects and gets nourishment, bacteria provides nourishment and receives protection |
| Uses of lichen? | food and breaks through rocks with acid |
| What is mycorrizhe? | plants and fungi in a mutualistic relationship. |
| How? | fungi get nutrients from plants, plants get surface area from fungi. |
| Good things about fungi? | decmposers, medicines, food, habitat diversity |
| Bad thing? | posionous, parasitic, disease-causing |
| Is a protist pro or eukaryotie? | Eukaryote! |
| Uni or multicellular? | Uni, mostly. |
| What are the tree major groups? | plant like, animal like, fungus like |
| What are plankton? | unicellular protists, aquatic organisms. include animal larvae or small crustaceans, important in aquatic food chains |
| What are the types of plankton? | phyto-photoautotropic and common, zooplankton-hetetrotrophic |
| Euglenoid example? | Euglena |
| Species? | 900 |
| Cell count? | uni |
| Mobile? | with flagella |
| Nutrition? | photosynthetic |
| Cell wall? | no, pellicle instead |
| Live in? | mostly freshwater |
| Reproduce? | simple cell division |
| Golden Algae example? | diatoms |
| species? | 100,000 |
| cell count? | uni |
| shell? | 2 part, frustule |
| cell wall? | silica |
| Nutrition? | photosynthetic |
| uses: | diatomaceous earth, abrasive, component of aquatic ecosystems |
| Green algae? | volvox |
| species? | 1700 |
| cell count? | uni and multi |
| nutrition? | chlorophyll for photosynthesis |
| habitat | freshwater |
| History? | gave rise to modern day plants |
| Brown | seaweed, kelp |
| species? | 1500 |
| cell count? | multi |
| nutrition? | photosynthetic |
| habitat? | marine |
| uses? | roots and leaves, source of iodine, fertilizer |
| Red | coralline algae, nori |
| Species? | 5000 |
| nutrition? | autotroph |
| cell count? | multicellular |
| uses? | carageenan, food, makeup, food, food, food. |
| Dinoflagellates? | ceratium |
| cell count | uni |
| nutrition? | auto, hetero, parasites |
| mobile? | flagella |
| habitat | coral reefs, zooxanthellae |
| Features? | bioluminescent, algal blooms, 90% of marine plankton |
| Rhizoids? | amoeba, foraminiferans |
| species? | 12,000 |
| mobile? | cytoplasma nd pseudopods |
| What are pseudopods used for? | moving and englufing prey |
| Structure? | chalk or glasslike |
| Features? | when forams die, shells sink and accumulate. |
| Ciliates | paramecium |
| mobile? | cilia |
| Features structure: | macronucleus and micro. |
| Use of both? | metabolism; reproduction, respectively. |
| Flagellates? | trypanosoma cruzi, gambiense, giardia |
| mobile? | flagella |
| sporozoans | malaria, chronic diarrhea |
| Mobile? | sessile |
| nutrition? | parasites |
| Three fungus phyla? | myxomycota (plasmodial), oomycota (water and mildew), acrasiomycota (cellular) |
Created by:
Tsarmina
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