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Cardiovascular Sys
Chap 13 Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The cardiovascular system consists of these structures: | heart, vessels, arteries, capillaries and veins |
| What is the function of the cardiovascular system? | supplies oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes wastes from body cells |
| What is the name of the outer layer of the heart? | epicardium |
| What is the other name of the outer layer of the heart? | visceral pericardium |
| What are the three layers of the wall of the heart? | epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| What are the tissues associated with the epicardium? | connective tissue and epithelium and houses blood and lymph capillaries along with coronary arteries |
| What are the tissues associated with the myocardium? | cardiac muscle |
| What are the tissues associated with the endocardium? | smooth connective tissue and epithelium and contains major vessels of the heart |
| Name the space between the parietal and visceral pericardia that is filled with serous fluid which helps prevent friction: | pericardial cavity |
| Which layer is the thickest of the wall of the heart? | myocardium |
| Blood is supplied to the heart by this artery? | coronary artery |
| Blood vessels are located superior or inferior part of the heart? | superior |
| What are the four chambers of the heart and the valves that separate them? | right atrium, tricuspid, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, left atrium, bicuspid (mitral), left ventricle, aortic valve |
| What are the muscles that pull the mitral and tricuspid valves down? | chordae tendinae (papillary muscles) |
| Describe the pathway a drop of blood would take from the superior vena cava to the aorta: | (deoxygenated) supervior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, lungs, aveoles, (oxygenated) pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid (mitral) valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta |
| Describe the events of the cardiac cycle? | consists of the atria beating in unison (atrial systole) followed by the contraction of both ventricles (ventricular systole) then the entire heart relaxes for a brief moment (diastole). |
| What happens to the pressure in the heart during the cardiac cycle? | Pressure in atrial increases which opens the tricuspid and bicuspid valve (A-V valves) and blood flows to the ventricles. As pressure in ventricles increases, the A-V values close and the aortic and pulmonary valves (semilunar) opens. |
| What is the period during which a heart chamber is contracting? | P wave |
| What is the period during which a heart chamber is relaxing? | T wave |
| Name the node responsible for regulation of the heart cycle? | sinoatrial node (SA) |
| Name the node responsible for delay in the heart cycle? | atrioventricular (A-V) node |
| What are the fibers that run the interventricular septum into the myocardium? | Purkinje fibers |
| Where are purkinje fibers located? | myocardium |
| Heart sounds can be described as? | lubb-dupp: First sound is lubb occurs as A-V valves close (ventricles contract), dupp occurs as aortic and pulmonary valves close (ventricles relax) |
| What is an EKG (ECG)? | recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle |
| What does the P wave represent? | depolarization of the atria |
| What does the QRS complex represent? | depolarization of ventricles |
| What does the T wave represent? | ventricle repolarization |
| What does a straight line represent? | a polarized cell (resting) |
| How does the middle layer of the walls of veins differ from the arteries? | Middle layer of veins are much thinner than the walls of an artery. Why? Prevent oxygen exchange until they are blood gets to capillaries which are thin to allow efficient oxygen exchange at the tissues. |
| Trace the pulmonary circuit: | from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lungs to alveolar capillaries to venules to pulmonary veins leading from the lungs to the left atrium |
| Trace the systemic circuit: | from the aorta and its branches leading to all body tissues as well as the system of veins returning blood to the right atrium. |
Created by:
jlafferty
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