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AP Bio Chapter 2
Stack #154798
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | -Anything that takes up space and has mass-Diverse forms with own characteristics |
| Element | -substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions-92 natural elements-25 essential for life |
| Compound | substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio |
| Trace Elements | required by an organism in only minute quantities |
| Neutrons | -neutrally charged particles found in the nucleus |
| Protons | - positively charged particles found in the nucleus- give the nucleus it's postive charge |
| Electron | - negatively charged particle surrounding like a cloud moving at almost the speed of light |
| Dalton | - unit of measurement for atomic and subatomic particles - named after John Dalton who created the Atomic Theory |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons which is unique to every element |
| Mass Number | sum of the protons and neutrons |
| Atomic Weight | approximation of the total mass of an atom |
| Isotopes | elements with the same number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons |
| Radioactive Isotopes | - unstable,nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy- useful in the medical field |
| Energy | ability to do work |
| Potential Energy | the energy that matter stores because of it's position or location |
| Energy Levels or Electron shells | - different states of potential energyfor electrons in the atom- energy transfers through levels- farther from nucleus, more energy |
| Orbital | -three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time-no more than 2 in same orbital |
| Valance Electrons | found in outermost shell |
| valance shell | outermost shell |
| Chemical Bonds | forces of attraction that hold atoms together |
| covalent bond | sharing of a pair of valance electrons by two atoms |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| structural formula | notation which represents both atoms and bonding |
| molecular formula | abbreviated structural form |
| double covalent bond | sharing multiple bonds |
| valance | bonding capacity that equals the number of unpaired electrons in the atoms outermost shell |
| electronegativity | attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond |
| non polar bond | electrons are shared equally |
| polar covalent bond | electron bond will not be shared equally |
| ion | a charged atom or particle or entire molecules that are electrically charged |
| cation | charge of ion is specifically positive |
| anion | negatively charged ion |
| ionic bond | attraction between cations and anions |
| hydrogen bond | a hydrogen atom covalently boned to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom |
| van der Waals interactions | weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized charge fluctuations |
| Chemical Reactions | making and breaking of chemical bonds leading to changes in the composition of matter |
| reactants | starting material in a reaction |
| products | um...the product : ) |
| chemical equilibrium | the point where the reactions offset one another exactly |
Created by:
stophammertime1290
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