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BIO - Cell test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prokaryote | no nucleus, no organelles e.g. bacteria |
| Eukaryote | nucleus, organelles, includes all other organisms |
| animal: no cell wall, no chlorplast, centrioles plant: cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole | difference between plant and animal cells |
| cell membrane | regulates what gets in and out of cell |
| cell wall | supports and protects, plant cells only |
| cytoplasm | between nucleus and cell membrane, surrounds organelles |
| nucleus | control center of the cell |
| nucleolus | inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes |
| mitochondria | power house of the cell, makes ATP from glucose |
| chloroplast | plant cell only, where photosynthesis takes place by using chlorophyll |
| rough er | processes proteins |
| smooth er | processes all other molecules and detoxifies poisons |
| ribosomes | make proteins, processes protein synthesis |
| golgi | modify and package cell products |
| lysosomes | vesicles that contain enzymes for digestion |
| vacuole | contain water and other molecules for storage |
| cytoskeleton | proteins that help the cell maintain shape and move |
| centrioles | used during cell division to move chromosomes |
| lipid bilayer | two layers of phospholipids |
| hydrophobic | water fearing |
| hydrophillic | water loving |
| carrier protein | embedded in the cell membrane to help move molecules in and out of the cell |
| selectively permeable | a membrane that only certain things can pass through |
| cell transport | how things get in and out of the cell |
| passive transport | movement across the cell membrane without using energy |
| diffusion | random movement of molecules from high concentration to low concetration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water in and out of the cell |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of molecules using carrier proteins without using energy |
| isotonic | when concentration of water is equal in and out of the cell |
| hypertonic | when the solute concentration is high |
| hypotonic | when the solute concentration is low |
| plasmolysis | when a cell shrinks in a hypertonic solution |
| cytolysis | when a cell swells or bursts in a hypotonic solution |
| turgor pressure | pressure in plant cells |
| active transport | moving materials in and out of a cell using ATP |
| bulk transport | moving materials in and out of cells that are too large for carrier proteins |
| endocytosis | a type of bulk transport that moves materials into the cell |
| phagocytosis | a cell eating another cell |
| pinocytosis | cell drinking |
| exocytosis | a type of bulk transport that moves large materials out of the cell |
Created by:
bm0724
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