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Chapter 7 Test
Honors Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Robert Hooke? | The first to observe cells in a cork |
| Who was Leeuwenhoek? | He made microscopes, looked at ponds and the first to see little animalcules in pond water |
| Who was Schleden? | First to look at plant cells |
| Who was Schwann? | First to look at animal cells |
| Who was Virchow? | He looked at mitosis said cells divide into other cells (cell division) |
| Who was Margulis? | She created the Endosymboitic Theory |
| What is the Endosymboitic Theory? | -eukaryote evolve from prokaryote-Large prokaryote engulf smaller ones&live in a symbiotic relationship with them-Mitochondria&Chloroplast were once prokaryotes(free living prokaryote)Mitochondria use cell respiration while chloroplast use photosythesis |
| All living things are _____________. | Made up of cells |
| Cells are the basic unit of ____________ & _____________ in an organism. | structure & funtion |
| cell = basic unit of _____________ | life |
| Cells come from the reproduction of ____________ cells | existing |
| What is some evidence of the Endosymboitic Theory? | 1. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA similar to bacteria 2.Mitochondria and chloroplasts have Ribosomes whose size and structure resemble bacterial ribosomes 3.Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicated using binary fission like bacteria |
| What is evidence of Endosymbiotic Theory? (last one) | 4.Inner Membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts have a composition similar to bacterial membranes |
| What is the same as cell specialization | cell specialization=differentiation |
| 4 Characteristics Common to All Cells | 1. DNA 2. Cytoplasm 3. Ribosome 4. Cell Membrane |
| What do multicellular organisms contain? | 1. many cells 2. different cells doing different jobs |
| What is a specialized animal cell | muscle cells (used for movement) |
| What is specialized plant cells? | guard cells, xylem, pollen |
| What are Prokaryotes? | Cells without an nucleus or an organelle surrounded by membrane |
| What are Eukaryotes? | Cells with a nucleus surrounded by an organelle surrounded by a membrane |
| What is a cell membrane (plasma membrane) made out of? | phospholipids & proteins |
| What are integral proteins? | pass through layer that act as transport through the cell (all the way through the cell) these proteins stick into the membrane |
| What are Peripheral Proteins? | they stick on the outside or the inside of the cell |
| What do Glycoproteins do? | self recognition & communication; carbohydrates attatched |
| Are molecules in the cell membrane constantly moving and changing? | YES |
| What is cholesterol? | embedded in the membrane to give it stability |
| What is the Plasma Membrane? | the selectively permeable controls what goes in & out |
| What is Phospholipidbilayer? | head-polar & tail-nonpolar |
| Rough ER? | -attatched ribosomes -proteins made for export -membrane structure |
| Smooth ER? | -no ribosomes -makes steriods & lipids -regulate calcium for muscle contraction -destroys/breaks down toxins -modify &metabolizes carbohydrates -membrane structure |
| What do plant cells have? | 1. cell wall 2. chloroplast 3. large central vacuole |
| What do animal cells have? | 1. centrioles |
| What do animal and plant cells have in common? | They are both eukaryotic |
| Cytoskeleton | made up of proteins for shape and structure |
| Microtubules | ex. tublin -help to pull chromosome apart during cell division |
| Microfiliments | ex. actin & mitocin -found in muscles & contract (contraction)-help pinch a cell into 2 cells -cytokinesis (cell division) |
| Food Vacuoles | store food and combine with lysosomes to break down |
| Central Vacuoles | stores, water minerals & solutes for plants |
| Contractile Vacuole | pump out water |
| What are 3 large sac vacuoles? | 1. Food Vacuoles 2. Central Vacuoles 3. Contractile Vacuole |
| Centriole | microtubules factories only becomes active during cell division (just animal cells) |
| Cilia | microtubules hundreds of them for movement/moves organisms or material |
| Flagellum | long for movement ex. only human body is the sperm |
| How many centrioles are there? | 9 pairs of triplets |
| How many cilia and flagellum are there? | 9+2 arrangement |
| What's the function of the nucleus? | controls center contains DNA |
| What's the function of the nuclear pores? | small opening that allows material to go in and out |
| What's the function of the nuclear membrane? | phospholipidbilayer that surrounds the nucleus |
| What's the function of the nucleolus? | makes RNA for ribosomes |
| What's the function of DNA? | genetic material found in the chromatin |
| Chromatin | spread out when cells are not dividing |
| Chromosomes | DNA condenses & tightly packed during cell division |
| Vesicle | smalls sacs transport material around & out of the cell |
| Lysosomes | -digestive enzymes (breaks down old cells, old organelles) -Immune system -Digestive food -Apoptosis |
| What does Apoptosis do? | program cell death |
| Golgi Body's | -Membranes structures but not connected (stacked like pancakes) -Packed, modified, & sort material that comes from ER in sac called vesicles -Like a post office |
| What are the small sacs in an organism? | vesicle & Lysosomes |
| What does the Mitochondria use to break down glycogen? | cell respiration |
| What does chloroplast use to gain and break down material? | photosynthesis |
| Is cilia microtubules or microfiliments? | microtubules |
| Are centrioles microtubules or microfilimets? | microtubules |
Created by:
sossenkopp
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