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Respiratory System
Stephanie Avery- Respiratory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alveoli | microscopic sac like ending of bronchiols, forming the lungs. Gas exchange happens here between capillaries. |
| aortic bodies | One of the small bilateral structures, attached to a small branch of the aorta near its arch, and containing chemoreceptors that respond primarily to decreases in blood oxygen concentration. |
| bicarbonate ions | dissociation products particular salts like carbonic acid in the blood. |
| bronchi | branches off the trachea in the lungs that conduct air to and from the lungs. They have ciliated mucus for moisture and cartigolious rings to prevent collapsing. |
| bronchioles | branches off the bronchi. Continue into smaller passages to the alveoli. There are millions leading to alveolie sacs. |
| carbaminhemoglobin | combination of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin. Second most common way that CO2 is safely transported in plasma to be exhaled.It goes back to the lungs where it is exhaled in the for of CO2 leaving Hb open in the blood. |
| carbon dioxide | toxic product of cellular respiration that is removed by the respiratory system from the body. Diffues into blood and transported in various ways using hemoglobin . |
| carbonic anhydrase | An enzyme located in the membrane of red blood cells. Catalyzes the reversible reaction between H2O and CO2 forming carbonic acid. |
| carotid bodies | nerve receptors in the carotid arteries that are sensitive to chemical composition and pressure of blood. |
| cilia | Short haired structures made from 20 molecules of the protein tubulin. In the lungs they collect particles and unwanted substances and push them back out so you can cough them out. |
| diaphragm | sheet-lie muscel at the base of the thoracic cavity. Contractions of the diaphragm happens when inhaling as it goes flat, and relaxation of the diaphragm happens when exhalingas it arches up. |
| exhalation | Is breathing out. When you exhale your diaphragm pushes you lungs up as a passive movement. Exhalation is signaled by stretch receptors on the alveoli, which send signals to medulla oblongata to tell the diaphragm to relax. |
| external respiration | refers to gas exchage across the alveoli. This process increases the concentration of O2 in the blood and decreases the CO2 in the blood. |
| hydrogen ions | protons when ionized lose an electron and gain a positive charge. Hydrogen ions in blood are transported by hemoglobin as a reduced hemoglobin to the lungs. |
| inhalation | Is breathing in. The diaphragm contracts flattening out so the lungs can take in more oxygen through the trachea into the bronchi, into the bronchiole and into alveoli. |
| intercostal muscles | Smooth muscel tissure lying between the ribs. Contractions of these muscels happen during inhalation to increase thoratic cavity space. |
| internal respiration | Gas exchange in the systemic capillarie beds. It increases O2 concentration in the blood at the same time getting rid of CO2. |
| larynx | It is your voice box, first structure of the trachea below the epiglottis. Consists of two flaps that are called vocal cords. |
| lungs | Organs of gas exchange in the respiratory system. Located in the thoratic cavity. There are two of them with five lobs total |
| mucus | a watery fluid which lubricated movement inside the body as well as protects. |
| nasal cavity | sinus chamber at the top of the nostrils. Main entry point of the respiratory pathway ept moist by mucus. Functions to trap debris when breathing in. |
| oxygen | A gas needed to live. We inhale it in for cellular respiration and survival. |
| oxyhemoglobin | a combination og hemoglobin and oxygen . HbO2 |
| pH | A measurment of the acidity and basicitity of a solution. The blood as a neutral pH of about 7.2 |
| pharynx | regio in the bath of the moth where both food and air travel. Has two opening though one for food and one for air. The trachea is for air and is closed when food is present. |
| pleural membrane | double layer membranes that surround the lungs. Is along the outside of the thoratic cavity and the top of the diaphragm. The lungs collaps if they are not there. |
| reduced hemoglobin | HHb. Hemoglobin that transports and extra hydrogen ion from cellular respiration to the lungs to react again. It picks this up to make sure blood is not acidic. |
| repiratory center in the medulla oblongata | Recieves chemical and nervous signals that control the contractinoo and relaxation of the diaphragm and respiratory muscles. If CO2 is present the respiratory center is signaled to make the muscles breath faster ect. |
| respiratory tract | The pathway of airflow in the body associated with respiration. Incluides the nasal passages, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchiol and alveoli. |
| ribs | the ribs enclose the thoracic cavity providing protection. they move to create space when inhaling and exhaling. |
| stretch receptors | a type of nerve receptor that is sesitive to stretch and are located at the alveoli surface. Triggers the mendulla oblongata to stop inhaling and exhale. |
| thoracic cavity | Chest cavity that contains the lungs and the heart. Ends at the diaphragm |
| trachea | The eindpipe that leads to the lungs. |
Created by:
StephanieAvery
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