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Ch. 22 (Anatomy)

Ch. 22 The Respiratory System Review

QuestionAnswer
These cartilages are rotated by the intrinsic laryngeal muscles to regulate speech... Arytenoid
Grapelike clusters of thin-walled respiratory sacs in which gas exchange occurs... Alveoli
These, found in the medulla oblongata and the pons, help to regulate pulmonary ventilation... Respiratory Centers
Protects the lungs from injury by excessive inspiration... Inflation Reflex
The terms 'respiration' refers not only to breathing but also to... Cellular Metabolism
The nasal cavity is divided into R and L ... Fossae
Most of the CO2 that diffuses from the blood into an alveolus comes from the ___ in the blood. Carbonic Acid
This division of the respiratory system consists of those passages that serve only for airflow... Conducting
Largest air passages that engage in gas exchange with the blood... Respiratory Bronchioles
Describes how the warming of air as it is inhaled helps to inflate the lungs... Charles' Law
Hypoxia caused by poor blood circulation... Ischemic Hypoxia
The duration of inspiration is set by the ___ center... Pneumotaxic
Breathing or the use of O2 in cellular processes... Respiration
A flap of tissue which plays a role in closes the larnyx when swallowing... Epiglottis
Labored, gasping breathing; shortness of breath Dyspnea
Lower respiratory infection caused by any of several viruses, fungi or protozoans... Pneumonia
Muscular funnel from the choanae to the larnyx... Pharnyx
Produce sound when air passes between them... Vocal Cords
Pulmonary infection with bacteria which invades the lungs by way of air, blood or lymph and compromises the elastic recoil and ventilation of the lungs... Tuberculosis
Reduce pulmonary compliance, thus limiting the amount to which the lungs can be inflated... Restrictive Disorders
Matching of airflow to blood flow in any region of the lung... Ventilation-perfusion Coupling
Vocal cords and the opening between them.. Glottis
Voice box... Larnyx
Warms, cleanses and humidifies inhaled air... Nose
Windpipe... Trachea
Alveolar walls break down and the lungs exhibit larger by fewer alveoli... Emphysema
Branching system of air tubes extending from main bronchus to about 65,000 terminal bronchioles... Bronchial tree
Consists of alveoli and other gas-exchange regions of the distal airway... Respiratory division
Organ system that takes in air and expels it from the body... Respiratory system
Relaxed, quiet breathing... Eupnea
Symptoms of ____ are joint pain, dizziness, headache, difficulty thinking clearly, extreme fatigue, tingling or numbness, weakness in arms or legs, or a skin rash; may be avoided by limiting depth/duration of dives. Decompression Sickness
Symptoms of ___ include rapid breathing, low oxygen levels in blood - which can lead to organ failure and other symptoms such as rapid heart rate, abnormal heart rhythms, confusion, and extreme tiredness. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Inflammation of the mucous membrane caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens... Acute Rhinitis
Cilia is immobilized and reduced in the number, while goblet cells enlarge and produce excess mucus.... Chronic Bronchitis
Disorders that reduce the speed of airflow through the airways are described as being ____... Obstructive
Disorder in which the automatic respiratory functions are disabled, usually a result of brainstem damage in poliomyelitis... Ondine's Curse
Amount of gas that dissolves in water is determined by its solubility in water and the partial pressure in the air... Henry's Law
Pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume... Boyle's Law
Procedure which consists of inserting a temporary tube to allow airflow when the upper airway is obstructed... Tracheostomy
Inhaled air that does not participate in gas exchange is often filling the ___ of the respiratory tract... Anatomical Dead Space
Phospholipid-protein mixture secreted by the great alveolar cells... Pulmonary Surfactant
The respiratory and cardiovascular systems are usually considered jointly as the ___ due to close spatial arrangements as well as their functional collaboration... Cardiopulmonary System
Respiratory organs of the thorax... Lower respiratory tract
Respiratory organs in the head and neck... Upper respiratory tract
Serous membrane which covers the surface of the lung... Visceral pleurae
Adheres tot he mediastinum, inner surface of the rib cage and superior surface of the diaphragm... Parietal pleurae
Prime mover in expiration... Diaphragm
Holding one's breath, by closing glottis and then contracting the abdominal muscles to raise abdominal pressure and push the organ contents out... Valsalva maneuver
State in which breathing is so rapid that it expels CO2 from the body faster than it is produced, which raises pH ad causes cerebral arteries to constrict... Hyperventilation
Breath-holding... Apnea
Presence of air in the pleural cavity... Pneumothorax
Recaptures expired breath and records variables such as rate and depth of breathing... Spirometer
Increase in diameter of a bronchus.. Bronchodilation
Decrease in diameter of a bronchus... Bronchoconstriction
Amount of air that can be inhaled and then exhaled with maximum effort; deepest possible breath... Vital capacity
Hot-air balloon expedition that out to test the effects of variation in oxygen partial pressure with increase in altitude; left two of the three scientists dead upon the balloon's return to earth... Flight of the Zenith
Process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the tissues and vice versa... Gas transport
Competes with oxygen for the same binding site and it binds 210 times as tightly as oxygen to hemoglobin... Carbon monoxide
Deficiency of oxygen in a tissue or the inability of that tissue to use oxygen... Hypoxia
Blueness of the skin... Cyanosis
Any disorder in which there is a long-term obstruction of airflow and substantial reduction in pulmonary ventilation... COPD
Accounts for more deaths than any other form of cancer... Lung cancer
Over 90% of lung tumors originate in the ___ of the large bronchi... Mucous membranes
Two superior folds on each side of the larnyx; play no role in speech but play a role in closing the larynx during swallowing... Vestibular folds
Created by: SavannahElkins
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