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BMMS 6Science Ch 7

BMMS Science Ch 7 - The Atmosphere

QuestionAnswer
Weather the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place.
Atmosphere the envelope of gases that surrounds the planet
Ozone a form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two
Water vapor water in the form of a gas
Pollutants harmful substances in the air, water or soil
Photochemical smog the brown haze that develops in sunny cities; formed by the action of sunlight on pollutants such as hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
Acid rain rain that contains more acid than normal
Density the amount of mass in a given volume of air
Pressure the force pushing on an area of surface
Air pressure the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area
Barometer an instrument that is used to measure air pressure
Mercury barometer consists of a glass tube, open at the bottom end, and partially filled with mercury
Aneroid barometer an airtight metal chamber that is sensitive to changes in air pressure; the metal chamber is connected to springs and dials which indicate a change in air pressure
Altitude the distance above sea level
Troposphere lowest level of Earth’s atmosphere; 0 – 12 Km
Stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 Km above Earth’s surface
Mesosphere the middle layer of the atmosphere; a drop in temperature marks the beginning of the mesosphere; 50 – 80 Km
Thermosphere the outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere; from 80 Km outward into space
Temperature the average amount of energy of motion of each molecule of a substance
Ionosphere begins about 80 Km above Earth and extends to about 400 Km; the lower layer of the Thermosphere
Exosphere the outer portion of the thermosphere; extends from about 400Km outward for thousands of Km
Electromagnetic waves a from of energy that can move through the vacuum of space; they are classified by wavelength
Radiation the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
Infrared radiation one form of electromagnetic energy; wavelengths are longer than red light
Ultraviolet radiation an invisible form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than violet light; can cause sunburns
Scattering the process by which dust particles and gases in the atmosphere reflect light in all directions
Greenhouse effect process by which gases hold heat in the air
Thermal energy the total energy of motion in the particles of a substance
Thermometer thin glass tube used to measure air temperature
Heat transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler one
Conduction the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that is touching
Convection the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid
Convection currents the upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air
Wind horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure
Anemometer device used to measure wind speed
Wind-chill factor increased cooling as a result of wind blowing over your skin
Local winds winds that blow over short distances
Sea breeze local wind that blows from an ocean or lake
Land breeze flow of air from land to a body of water
Global winds winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances
Coriolis effect the way the Earth’s rotation causes winds to curve
Latitude distance from the equator, measured in degrees
Jet streams high speed winds about 10 Km above Earth’s surface
Created by: mrpowers
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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