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Chapter 11 Vocab

TermDefinition
DNA replication begins with the "unzipping" of the parent molecule as the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs are broken.
double helix description of the molecular shape of a double-stranded DNA molecule
nitrogenous base A basic compound that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine.
codon A codon refers to the unit of DNA which encodes for a specific amino acid within a protein.
messenger RNA the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome.
ribosomal RNA The sequence of DNA encoding for a protein may be copied many times into messenger RNA (mRNA) chains of a similar sequence.
transcription a written or printed representation of something
transfer RNA RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome.
translation the process of moving something from one place to another.
chromosomal mutation mutation: (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure
frameshift mutation also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.
mutagen an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation.
mutation the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units
point mutation a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.
Created by: Rj0513
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