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Chapter 11

DNA and Genes

TermDefinition
DNA Replication Process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis
Double Helix Shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases
Nitrogenous base Carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitorgen; includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil
Codon Set of three nitrogenous bases that that represents amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Rna that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order
Transcription Process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand
Transfer RNA RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins
Translation Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids
Chromosomal Mutation Mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis; caused when parts of chromosomes break off or rejoin incorrectly.
Frameshift Mutation Mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base
Mutagen Any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals , or high temperatures
Mutation Any change or random error in a DNA sequence
Point Mutation Mutation in a DNA sequence ; occurs from a change in a single base pair
Created by: JanetSierra
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