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Muscle Pics
A&P Chapters 10 &11
| Muscle | Function |
|---|---|
| External Intercostals | Elevates ribs; inspiration |
| Internal Intercostals | Depresses ribs; expiration |
| Diaphragm | Inspiration; depresses floor of thorax |
| Trapezius | Elevates, depresses, retracts, rotates and fixes scapula; extends neck |
| Serratus Anterior | Roates and protracts scapula; elevates ribs |
| Pectoralis Minor | Depresses scapular or elevates ribs |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Adducts and medially orates arm; extends shoulder |
| Pectoralis Major | Flexes shoulder; adducts and medially rotates arm; extends shoulder from flexed position |
| Deltoid | Flexes and extends shoulder; abducts and medially and laterally rotates arm |
| Teres Major | Extends and medially rotates humerus; swings the arm |
| Subscapularis | Medially rotates arm; holds head of humerus in place |
| Infraspinatus | Laterally rotates arm; holds head of humerus in place |
| Supraspinatus | Abducts arm; holds head of humerus in place |
| Teres Minor | Laterally rotates ad adducts arm; hold head of humerus in place |
| External Obliques | Flexes and rotates vertebral column; compresses abdomen; depresses thorax |
| Internal Obliques | Flexes and rotates vertebral column; compresses abdomen; depresses thorax |
| Transversus Abdominis | Compresses abdomen |
| Rectus Abdominis | Flexes vertebral column; compresses abdomen |
| Splenius Capitus | Extends, rotates, and laterally flexes head |
| Sternocleidomastoid | 1) Laterally flexes head and neck to same side AND rotates head and neck to opposite side 2) Flexes neck |
| Frontalis | Moves scalp and elevates eyebrows |
| Orbicularis Oculi | Closes eyelids |
| Orbicularis Oris | Closes lips |
| Masseter | Elevates and protracts mandible |
| Buccinator | Retracts angle of mouth; flattens cheeks |
| Biceps Brachii | Flexes shoulder and elbow; supinates forearm and hand |
| Origin of Biceps Brachii | Short head: coracoid process of scapula Long head: glenoid cavity |
| Insertion of Biceps Brachii | Radial Tuberosity |
| Brachialis | Flexes elbow |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis | Flexes fingers |
| Triceps Brachii | Extends elbow; extends shoulder and adducts arm |
| Origin of Triceps Brachii | Scapula, Posterior shaft of humerus |
| Insertion of Triceps Brachii | Olecranon process of Ulna |
| Extensor Digitorum | Extends fingers and wrist |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | Extends and adducts wrist |
| Pronator Teres | Pronates forearm and hand |
| Supinator | Supinates forearm and hand |
| Iliopsoas | Flexes hip |
| What makes up the Iliopsoas | Iliacus and Psoas Major |
| Tensor Fascia Lata | Flexes hip; abducts and medially rotates thigh; stabilizes femur on tibia when standing |
| Sartorius | Flexes hip and knee; rotates thigh laterally and leg medially |
| Rectus Femoris | Extends knee and flexes hip |
| Origin of Rectus Femoris | Anterior inferior iliac spine |
| Insertion of Rectus Femoris | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| Vastus Lateralis | Extends knee |
| Origin of Vastus Lateralis | Greater trochanter and line Aspera of femur |
| Insertion of Vastus Lateralis | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| Vastus Intermedius | Extends knee |
| Vastus Medialis | Extends knee |
| Gracilis | Adducts thigh; flexes knee |
| Adductor Magnus | Adducts thigh and flexes hip |
| Adductor Longus | Adducts, laterally rotates thigh; tilts pelvis |
| Biceps Femoris | Flexes knee; laterally rotates leg; extends hip |
| Origin of Biceps Femoris | Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur |
| Insertion of Biceps Femoris | Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia |
| Semitendinosus | Flexes knee; medially rotates leg; extends hip |
| Semimembranosus | Flexes knee; medially rotates leg; tenses capsule of knee joint; extends hip |
| Gastrocnemius | Plantar flexes foot; flexes knee |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus | Extends four lateral toes; dorsiflexes and everts foot |
| Peroneus Longus/fibularis longus | Everts and plantar flexes foot |
| Peroneus/fibrous Brevis | Everts and plantar flexes foot |
| Tibialis anterior | Dorsiflex and inverts the foot |
| Zero position | Anatomical position |
| Flexes | Decreases a joints angle |
| Extends | Returns a body part to the zero position |
| Hyperextension | Extension beyond zero position |
| Elevate | Raises a body part vertically (shoulder shrug) |
| Depress | Lower a body part vertically (release a shoulder shrug) |
| Retracts | Posterior movement of a body part in a horizontal plane (rowing a boat) |
| Protracts | Anterior movement of a body part in a horizontal plane (rowing a boat) |
| Abducts | Moves a body part away from the midline of the body (jumping jacks) |
| Adducts | Moves a body part towards the midline of the body (jumping jacks) |
| Muscle Compartments | A Group of functionally related muscles enclosed and separated from others by connective tissue fascia |
| What does the muscle compartments contain | Nerves, blood vessels that supply the muscle group |
| Example of muscle compartments | Thoracic, abdominal walls, limbs |
| Indirect attachment to bone | Tendons |
| Tendons | Bridge the gap between muscle ends and bony attachment |
| Examples of tendons | Biceps brachii, achilles tendon |
| Characteristics of tendons | Collagen fibers of the endo-, peri-, and epimysium continue into the tendon From there into the periosteum and the matrix of bone Very strong structural continuity from muscle to bone |
| Direct (fleshy) attachment to bone characteristics | Little separation between muscle and bone Muscle seems to immerse directly from bone |
| Examples of direct attachments | Margins of brachial is, lateral head of triceps brachii |
| Origin | Bony attachment at stationery end of muscle |
| Belly | Thicker, middle region of muscle between origin and insertion |
| Insertion | Bony attachment to mobile end of muscle |
| Which muscles do not insert on bone but the fascia or tendon of another muscle or on collagen fibers of the dermis | Distal tendon of the biceps brachia inserts on the fascia of the forearm Fascial muscles insert on the skin |
| Action | The effects produced by a muscle - To produce or prevent movement |
| What are the four categories of action | Prime mover (agonist), synergist, antagonist, fixator |
| Prime mover (agonist) | Muscle that produces most of the force during a joint action |
| Synergist | Muscle that aids the prime mover -Stabilizes the nearby joint -Modifies the direction of movement |
| Antagonist | Opposes the prime mover -Relaxes to give prime mover control over an action -Preventing excessive movement and injury |
| Fixator | Muscle that prevents movements of bone |
| Example of Prime mover (agonist) | Brachialis |
| Example of Synergist | Biceps Brachii |
| Example of Antagonist | Triceps brachii |
| Example of Fixator | Muscle that holds scapula firmly in place -Rhomboids |
| Intrinsic muscles | Entirely contained within a region, such as the hand -Both origin and insertion |
| Extrinsic muscles | Act on a designated region, but has its origin elsewhere -Fingers: extrinsic muscles in the forearm |
| Blood supply to muscles | Muscular system receives about 1.24L of blood per minute at rest (1/4 of the blood pumped by the heart) |
| Hernias | Any condition in which the viscera protrudes through a weak point in the muscular wall of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| Compartment Syndrome | Fasciae of arms and legs enclose muscle compartments very snugly |
| What happens if a blood vessel in a compartment is damaged | Blood and tissue accumulate in the compartment |
| Example of fusiform muscle | Biceps brachii |
| Example of parallel muscle | Rectus abdominis |
| Example of triangular muscle | Pectoralis major |
| Example of unipennate muscle | Palmar interosseous |
| Example of bipennate muscle | Rectus femoris |
| Example of multipennate muscle | Deltoid |
| Example of circular muscle | Orbicularis Oculi |
Created by:
Cheaviside
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