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Chapt 19 Circulatory
7th Grde Life Science - Fabish
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the Cardiovascular system do? | Transports materials to and from your cells |
| What are the three parts of the Cardiovascular system? | Heart, blood, blood vessels |
| What does blood consist of? | cells, cell parts and plasma |
| What are the two types of blood cells? | Red blood cells and white blood cells |
| Which cells are the most abundant in the body? | Red blood cells |
| Why are red blood cells red? | They contain iron (Fe) which bonds to oxygen (O2). FeO2(ferrous oxide - rust) produces the red color. |
| Why do red blood cells have a concave (dented in) shape? | This shape gives them more surface area, and allows them to transport more oxygen. |
| What is the material found in red blood cells that transports oxygen called? | hemoglobin |
| Where are both red and white blood cells made? | In the bone marrow |
| What are the jobs of the white blood cells? | 1. engulf pathogens 2. release antibodies that destroy pathogens 3. engulf and dispose of dead or damaged body cells |
| What are pathogens? | bacteria, viruses and other microscopic particles that make you sick |
| When RBC's are lacking in iron (Fe) what will not be as readily transported by the blood? | Oxygen |
| What are platelets? | Small particles within the blood that clump together to cause clotting |
| What is the main job of the heart? | It pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, and oxygen-rich blood to the body |
| How big is the heart muscle? | About the size of your fist |
| The upper chambers of the heart are called: | The right and left atria (atrium is singular) |
| The lower chambers of the heart are called: | The right and left ventricles |
| What are located between the atria and ventricles? | Valves which control the flow and direction of the blood |
| Define blood vessels | Hollow tubes that transport blood |
| Where does blood from the body or the lungs enter the heart? | The atria |
| What part of the heart pushes blood out to the body or the lungs? | The ventricles |
| Which side of the heart receives blood low in O2 and high in CO2? | The right side |
| Which side of the heart receives blood high in O2 and high in CO2? | The left side |
| Blood vessels that direct blood to the HEART: | veins |
| Blood vessels that direct blood to the BODY: | arteries |
| Which blood vessels are thicker and why? | Arteries are thicker, because it takes more pressure to move the blood through the entire body than to return it to the heart. |
| What are the smallest blood vessels called? | Capillaries |
| Why do capillaries not bleed much when they are cut? | They are so small, blood must pass one cell at a time, making clotting easier. |
| What causes "blood pressure"? | The force of blood exerted on the inside walls of the blood vessels. |
| What blood pressure is considered "normal"? " | 120/80 |
| What is systolic pressure? | Pressure created inside large arteries when the ventricles contract. This is the "top" or first number in the blood pressure. |
| What is diastolic pressure? | Pressure inside arteries when the ventricles are relaxed. This is the "bottom" or second number in a blood pressure |
| What do we call the chemicals that are sometimes present on the surface of RBC's? | Antigens |
| What are the chemicals that bind to antigens not found on their RBC's? | Antibodies |
| Which type of blood has A antigens and B antibodies? | Type A |
| Which type of blood has B antigens and A antibodies? | Type B |
| Which type of blood has AB antigens and no antibodies? | Type AB |
| Which type of blood has NO antigens and AB antibodies? | Type O |
| Which type of blood is the universal donor, and why? | Type O, because it carries no antigens, and as a donor, will not be attacked by antibodies |
| Which type of blood is the universal recipient, and why? | Type AB, because it produces no antibodies, and will not attack other types of donor blood. |
| This word means that heart muscle cell can stimulate themselves. | Self-excitatory |
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judi829
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