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Earthquakes
Grade 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stress | A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
| Tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| Compression | Stress that squeezed rock until it folds or breaks |
| Shearing | Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement. |
| Normal fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust |
| Hanging wall | The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault |
| Footwall | The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault |
| Reverse fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust |
| Strike-Slip fault | A type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion |
| Anticline | An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust |
| Syncline | A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust |
| Plateau | A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level and caused by compression |
| What 3 stresses work over millions of years to change the shape & volume of rock? | Tension, Compression, and Shearing |
| Where do faults usually occur? | Along pate boundaries, where the forces of plate motion push or pull the crust so much that the crust breaks. |
| What are the 3 main types of faults? | Normal, Reverse, and Strike-Slip faults |
| What can the forces of plate movement change over millions of years? | Flat plain into landforms such as anticlines and synclines, folded mountains, fault-block mountains, and plateaus |
| Earthquake | The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface |
| Focus | The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake |
| Epicenter | The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |
| P wave | A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground |
| S wave | A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side |
| Surface wave | A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface |
| Mercalli scale | A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a particulate place |
| Magnitude | The measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults |
| Seismograph | A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth |
| Moment magnitude scale | A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake |
| Richter scale | A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves |
| What do seismic waves do? | Carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus, through Earth's interior, and across the surface. |
| What are 3 commonly used ways of measuring earthquakes? | Mercalli scale, Richter scale, and moment magnitude scale. |
| What do geologists use to locate an earthquake's epicenter? | Seismic waves |
| Seismogram | The record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph |
| Friction | The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface |
| How do seismographs record an earthquake? | During an earthquake, seismic waves cause the seismograph's drum to vibrate. But the suspended weight with the pen attached moves very little. Therefore, the pen stays in place and record the drum's vibrations. |
| How do geologists monitor faults? | Geologists have developed instruments to measure changes in elevation, tilting of the land surface, and ground movements along faults. |
| What do seismographs and fault-monitoring devices provide? | Data used to map faults and detect changes along faults. Geologists are also trying to use this data to develop a method of predicting earthquakes. |
| How are Fault-Block Mountains formed? | 2 Normal Faults slip downwards |
| How do geologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake? | Geologists look at the seismogram from the seismograph at three or more locations. Then the difference in arrival time is converted and they make a radius around each seismograph on a map where the three circles meet is where the epicenter is located |
Created by:
jazzyylyy
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