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Light

Vocabulary for the Light Unit

QuestionAnswer
Electromagnetic Spectrum The complete range of electromagnetic waves placed in order of increasing frequency: radio waves, micro waves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Frequency The number of of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. The slower the wave, the lower the frequency. The faster the wave, the higher the frequency.
Wavelength The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave. The longer the wavelength, the slower the wave. The shorter the wavelength, the faster the wave.
Radio waves Electromagnetic waves that have the longest wavelength and lowest frequency.Used for broadcasting radio and television signals.
Micro waves The radio waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequency. These waves are used to heat your food in a microwave oven and used for cell phones and in radar systems.
Infrared rays The invisible electromagnetic waves you can feel. Infrared waves are longer than visible light but shorter than micro waves. These waves create heat and are used in heat lamps.
Visible light The small band in the electromagnetic spectrum that your eye can see. The main colors of visible light (in order of largest to smallest wavelength) are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
Ultraviolet Rays Electromagnetic waves shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. They carry more energy than light and can cause skin cells to produce vitamin D. Too much UV exposure may increase risk of cancer.
X-rays Second shortest electromagnetic waves. They have more energy than UV and can penetrate most matter and is used to make images of bones inside the body. Too much can lead to cancer.
Gamma Rays Electromagnetic rays that have the most energy, highest frequency and lowest wavelength. Gamm rays are the most penetrating of the EM waves and are used to kill cancer cells.
Absorption The ability of an object to take in light. The higher the absorption, the less colors are allowed through. Transparent objects absorb the least amount of EM waves, translucent objects absorb intermediate amounts of EM waves and opaque objects absorb most
Reflection The bouncing back of an object or wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.
Refraction The bending of waves as they enter a new medium at an angle.
Primary colors of Light Red, Blue, Green
Primary colors of pigment Yellow, Cyan and Magenta
Law of Reflection The angle that light enters (angle of incidence) is equal to the angle that light is reflected.
Concave Lens A lens that is fatter at the top and bottom and skinny in the middle. Used to correct nearsighted vision.
Convex Lens A lens that is fatter in the middle and thinner at the top and bottom. Used to correct farsighted vision.
Cornea Transparent front of the eye that light enters.
Pupil Opening through which light enters the inside of the eye.
Iris Ring of muscle that contracts and expands to change the size of the pupil. Gives the eye its color.
Retina Layer of cells inside the back of the eye that contains rods and cones.
Rods Light-sensitive cells that pick up small amounts of light.
Cones Light-sensitive cells that detect color.
Camera Tool that acts similar to the eye, forming a real upside-down image in the back on film paper.
Telescope Tool uses mirrors and lenses to collect and focus light from distant objects.
Microscope Tool that uses a combination of lenses to form an enlarged image of tiny objects.
Nearsighted The eyeball is too long and causes the image to come into focus before the retina. The nearsighted person can see nearby objects but distance objects are blurry.
Farsighted The eyeball is too short so the image comes into focus behind the retina. Images far away are clear but nearby objects are blurry.
Optic Nerve An image is transferred from the retina to the brain through this group of nerve cells.
Created by: sallyhanh
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