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Science Pass Review
These flash cards are based on the science content for 5th grade
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell membrane | • The soft, flexible outside covering of a cell that controls what comes in and out of a cell. |
| cytoplasm | • The gel-like fluid that fills most of a cell. The other organelles are found in the cytoplasm. |
| nucleus | • A small structure that controls everything the cell does. |
| vacuole | • Are storage spaces in the cell. • They can hold water and other nutrients that the cell needs. • They can also store wastes until the cell can get rid of it. |
| biotic factors | The living parts of the ecosystem that include populations and communities of organisms. |
| abiotic factors | • The nonliving parts of the ecosystem that include the temperature, water, soil, air, and sunlight. |
| population | l members of one kind of organism that live in a particular area. • Some examples may be all of the white-tailed deer in a forest, all rainbow trout in a stream, or all of the bald cypress trees in the swamp. |
| microorganisms | living things that can be a single-celled or multi-celled organism that is too small to be seen without at least a 10x magnifier. |
| Communities | • A group of different populations of organisms. Some examples are all of the squirrels, acorn trees, and grass in a park; all of the microorganisms in a pond; or all of the cacti, rattlesnakes, and scorpions in the dese |
| terrestrial | Land-based ecosystems include forests and grasslands |
| grasslands | have fertile soil and are covered with tall grasses. get a medium amount of rain, but less than forests. Temperatures vary. Some examples of animals that live here are prairie dogs, bison, and grasshoppers. |
| aquatic | • Water-based ecosystems may be fresh water (lakes and ponds) or saltwater (oceans, estuaries and saltwater marshes). |
| lakes and ponds | bodies of freshwater that are surrounded by land. Plants and algae usually grow along the edges where the water is shallow. Some examples of animals may be different types of fish, amphibians, ducks, turtles, or beavers. |
| oceans | large bodies of saltwater divided by continents. |
| estuaries | where the freshwater rivers meet the oceans. The amount of salt (salinity)changes as the tides come in and out. Has salt marshes with grasses and marsh plants. animals that live here may be crabs, shrimp, birds such as blue heron and egrets, and muskrats. |
| producers | Organisms that make their own food.• Plants are able to use light energy from the Sun to produce food (sugar) from carbon dioxide in the air and water. |
| consumers | Animals cannot make their own food so they must eat plants and/or other animals. |
| herbivores | Animals that eat only plants |
| carnivores | Animals that eat only other animals |
| omnivores | Animals that eat both plants and animals |
| decomposers | • Consumers (including microorganisms, termites, worms, and fungi) that get the energy they need by breaking down dead or decaying matter. They speed up the decaying process that releases nutrients back into the food chain for use by plants. |
| food chain | a series of plants and animals in which each organism is a source of food (energy) for the next in the series. |
| food web | Interconnected food chains |
| predators | animals that hunt and kill other animals for food. |
| prey | animals that are hunted and killed as food for other animals |
| parasite | an organism that spends a significant portion of its life in or on a living host organism usually causing harm to the host without immediately killing it. Fleas and ticks are examples. |
| hosts | organisms or cells that serve as a home or a source of food for a parasite |
| balance of nature | • The relationship between numbers of organisms and the resources available in an ecosystem |
| limiting factor | • A condition or resource that keeps a population at a certain size |
| constructive | • Processes that create landforms (deposition, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods) |
| destructive | • Processes that destroy landforms (weathering, erosion, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods) |
| weathering | processes that break down rocks at or near the surface of the earth. |
| erosion | the movement of sediments and soil by wind, water, ice, and gravity. |
| deposition | the dropping, or depositing, of sediments by water, wind, or ice. |
| landslides | mass movements of land due to gravity |
| volcanic eruptions | mountains with openings in Earth’s crust through which magma, gases, and ash reach Earth’s surface. |
| earthquakes | vibrations on Earth’s surface caused by sudden movement in Earth, often along a fault, a break in Earth’s surface. |
| floods | a large amount of water covers land that is usually dry |
| continental shelf | • The part of the continent located under the water |
| continental slope | The steep slope where the continental shelf drops to the bottom of the ocean floor. Ocean depth increases greatly here. |
| mid-ocean ridge | On the bottom of the ocean, there is a central ridge, or mountain range, that divides the ocean floor into two parts. |
| seamounts | Underwater volcanic mountains not located on the mid-ocean ridge |
| rift zone | • Underwater volcanic activity that adds mountains to either side of the mid-ocean ridge |
| trenches | the deepest part of the ocean basin and are deeper than any valley found on land. |
| ocean basin | Located on either side of the mid-ocean ridge. It is made up of hills and flat plains |
| abyssal plain | The flat area of the ocean basin |
| ocean shore zone | area where the ocean meets the land |
| shoreline, or coast | area where the land meets the ocean. |
| longshore currents | along the shoreline can move sand from one location to another. |
| barrier islands | Islands with sandy beaches that protect the mainland. |
| estuaries | The area where a river meets the ocean. They have a mixture of fresh and salt water. |
| inlets | water-filled spaces between the barrier islands. Tides can change the amount water in these spaces. |
| waves | The repeated movement of water |
| crest | The highest part of the wave |
| trough | The lowest part of the wave. |
| breaker | This is formed when the top of the wave curls over |
| tsunamis | giant sea waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. |
| currents | Flowing streams of water that move continually through the ocean in a specific direction |
| tides | regular rise and fall of waters in oceans and seas. They happen twice a day and are caused by the gravitational of the moon on the earth |
| High tides | When the water level is at its highest point |
| Low tides | When the water level is at its lowest point |
| conservation | Human activities that help to keep the natural resources of Earth available and clear of pollution through recycling, reusing and reducing |
| pollution | Any human activity that harms the natural environment |
Created by:
mrsjbrown
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