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Unit 6 -Genetics
punnett square pedigree meiosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetics | The study of genes and the inheritance of traits |
| gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| genotype | genetic makeup of an organism (the letters) |
| phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| true-breeding | term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate |
| trait | specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| homozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
| independent assortment | independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
| incomplete dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another |
| codominance | situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism |
| polygenic trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| pedigree | chart that shows the relationships within a family |
| sex linked genes | gene located on the X or Y chromosome |
| haploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes |
| meiosis | process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| crossing-over | process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
| synapsis | the pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis |
| nondisjunction | error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate |
Created by:
Batterbee