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Unit 6 -Genetics

punnett square pedigree meiosis

QuestionAnswer
Genetics The study of genes and the inheritance of traits
gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
allele one of a number of different forms of a gene
genotype genetic makeup of an organism (the letters)
phenotype physical characteristics of an organism
true-breeding term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
trait specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
hybrid offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
homozygous term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
heterozygous term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
independent assortment independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
incomplete dominance situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
codominance situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
polygenic trait trait controlled by two or more genes
pedigree chart that shows the relationships within a family
sex linked genes gene located on the X or Y chromosome
haploid term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
meiosis process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
crossing-over process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
synapsis the pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis
nondisjunction error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate
Created by: Batterbee
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