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Mass Movement & more
Mass Movement, Glaciers, Wind, Waves, Water
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is mass movement and what causes it? | Mass movement is the movement of surface material that is caused by gravity. |
What are the four types of mass movement? | Landslide, Mudslide, Slump, and Creep. |
What is the most destructive type of mass movement? | Landslide. |
What is the material moved by erosion called? | Sediment. |
What is deposition? | Deposition occurs where the agents of erosion lay down sediment. Deposition changes the shape of a land. |
What are the five factors that control runoff? | The amount of rain, vegetation, type of soil, shape of the land, and the use of land. |
What is a rill? | Tiny grooves in the soil formed when runoff travels. |
What is a gully? | A large groove, or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm. |
What is a stream? | A channel along which water is constantly flowing down a slope. Streams rarely dry up, unlike gullies. |
A large stream. | River |
What land features are created by water erosion? | V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meander, and oxbow lake. |
What features are made from deposits from rivers? | Alluvial fan and delta. |
If the roof of a cave collapses because of the erosion of the underlying limestone, the result is a depression called a sinkhole. | Karst topography |
A deposit that hangs like an icicle from the roof of a cave. | Stalactite |
A cone-shaped deposit like an icicle that hangs from the bottom of a cave caused by slow dripping. | Stalagmite |
What features can form from groundwater erosion? | Caves and sinkholes. |
When waves crash onto the beach at an angle a _________ is created along the coastline. | Longshore Drift |
The process where wind picks up sediment and moves it. | Deflation. |
What is till? | Till is a mixture of sediments that a glacier deposits directly on the surface. Clay, silt, sand, and gravel can all be found in till. |
The till deposited at the edges of a glacier forms a ridge. A terminal moraine is the ridge of till at the farthest point reached by a glacier. | Moraine |
A long mound of till that is smoothed in the direction of the glacier’s flow. | Drumlin |
A kettle lake forms when a depression left in till by melting ice fills with water. | Kettle Lake |
What force causes a wave to slow down and break when it reaches shallow water? | Friction |
What land features are made from wave erosion? | Wave erosion can create sea caves, sea arches, sea stacks, and wave cut cliffs. |
A sand ridge that rises slightly above the surface of the sea and runs roughly parallel to the shore protecting land behind it, from which it is separated by a bay. | Barrier Beach |
A long, narrow pile of sediment higher than the rest of the sediment. | Sandbar |
A beach that projects like a finger out into the water. They form as a result of deposition by longshore drift. | Spit |
What is a sand dune? | A deposit of wind-blown sand. |
The finer, wind-deposited, sediments including particles of clay and silt, that are sometimes deposited in layers. Also good for farming. | Loess |
How is a waterfall formed? | A flat layer of hard rock lies on top of softer rock that erodes easily. When the softer rock wears away some of the harder rock chips off, giving the waterfall it's sharp drop. |
The flat, wide open land along side a river. | Flood plain |
A loop-like bend in the course of a river. | Meander |
A meander that is cut off from the river. | Oxbow Lake |
A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range that is shaped like a fan. | Alluvial fan |
Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake builds up a landform. | Delta |
The land area from which and it's tributaries collect their water. | Drainage Basin |
The high ground between two drainage basins. | Divide |
A stream that flows into a larger stream. | Tributary |
Any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land. | Glacier |
What are the two kinds of glaciers? | Valley glaciers and continental glaciers. |
A long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in mountain valley. | Valley glacier |
A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island (could be found in places such as Greenland and Antarctica). | Continental glacier |
When continental glaciers cover large parts of Earth's surface. | Ice ages. |
What are the two processes by which glaciers erode the land. | Plucking and abrasion. |
What is plucking? | As a glacier flows over the land, it picks up rocks. |
What is abrasion? | When other rock at the bottom of the glacier gouges and scratches the bedrock. |
When does a glacier deposit sediment? | When a glacier melts, it deposits the sediment it eroded from the land, creating various landforms. |
When glaciers carve away the sides of a mountain, what is the result? | Horn |
Bowl-shaped hollow created by a glacier. | Cirque |
Sharp ridge separating two cirques | Arete |
A body of water formed when sea levels rise, filling a valley once cut by a glacier in a coastal region. | Fiord |
What creates the energy in waves? | Wind that blows across the water's surface. |
What are the two ways waves erode the coast? | Impact and abrasion. |
Waves shape the coast through both ______ and ________. | Erosion and deposition. |
An area of wave-washed sediment along a coast. | Beach |
Wind erosion and deposition may form _____ ______ and ________ ___________. | Sand dunes; loess deposits. |
What is the major agent of erosion that helped break down Earth's land surface. | Moving water |
When rock and soil move quickly down a steep slope. | Landslide |
A rapid downhill movement of a mixture of water, rock, and soil. Usually occur after a heavy rain in a normally dry area. | Mudslide |
A mass of rock and soil suddenly slip down a slope in one large mass. | Slump |
The very slow downhill movement of rock and soil. The effects of this can be seen on telephone poles, gravestones, and fenceposts. | Creep |
The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another. | Erosion |
________, _________, and _________ act together in a cycle that wears down and builds up Earth's surface. | Weathering, erosion, and deposition. |
What land forms do glacial erosion create? | Arete, Cirque, Glacial Lake, Horn. |