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BMMS 6Science Ch 2
BMMS Science Ch 2 - Weathering and Soil
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mineral | inorganic, naturally occurring, forming on or below Earth’s surface, crystal shape, definite chemical composition. |
| Crystal | a solid made up of particles that line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again. |
| Rock cycle | a series of processes on and beneath Earth’s surface that slowly change rocks from one kind to another. |
| Igneous rock | material that cools and hardens at or beneath the surface |
| Sedimentary rock | sediment is deposited and then squeezed and glued together |
| Sediment | small, solid pieces, or material, that come from rocks or living things |
| Metamorphic rock | under great heat and pressure, the minerals in rocks are changed into other minerals |
| Nonrenewable resource | a resource that is not replaced in a useful time frame. |
| Ore | rock that contains a metal or other useful minerals that can be mined and sold |
| Smelting | ore is mixed with other substances and then melted to separate the useful metal from other elements |
| Weathering | process that breaks down rock and other substances on earth’s surface |
| Erosion | transportation of sediment by wind, water, ice or gravity |
| Uniformitarianism | principle that states that the same processes that operate today operated in the past |
| Mechanical weathering | process by which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces |
| Abrasion | grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind or gravity |
| Ice wedging | ice expands creating a wedge that widens and deepens cracks in rock |
| Chemical weathering | process that breaks down rock through chemical changes |
| Oxidation | iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water; rust |
| Permeable | a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it |
| Soil | loose, weathered material on earth’s surface |
| Bedrock | solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
| Humus | dark colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay |
| Fertility | measure of how well the soil supports plant growth |
| Loam | soil that is made up of nearly equal parts of clay, sand and silt |
| Soil horizon | a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it |
| Topsoil | crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and other minerals |
| Subsoil | usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus |
| Acidic | reacts strongly with some metals and turns blue litmus paper red |
| Basic | feels slippery and changes red litmus paper blue |
| Litter | loose layer of leaves and plant remains |
| Decomposer | organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals |
| Sod | thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil |
| Natural resource | anything in the environment that humans use |
| Soil conservation | management of soil to prevent its destruction |
| Contour plowing | plowing fields along the curves of a slope |
| Conservation plowing | disturb the soil and its plant cover as little as possible |
| Crop rotation | planting different crops in a field each year |
Created by:
mrpowers
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