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Earth Space Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| rotation | rotating on an axis |
| axis | the center around which something rotates |
| tilt | to incline or bend from a vertical position |
| revolution | the movement of an object around another object (moon around earth or earth around sun) |
| seasons | are the periods of the year that are distinguished by special climate conditions, caused by the tilt of the earth and it's revolution around the sun |
| hemisphere | half of a globe or sphere (half of a planet) |
| equator | an imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole |
| lunar cycle | the pattern of phases of the moon |
| phases | The different shapes of the moon you see from Earth. |
| waxing | pertaining to the period during which the visible surface of the moon increases |
| waning | pertaining to the period during which the visible surface of the moon decreases |
| crescent moon | the phase of the moon in which only a curved edge of the moon's side that faced earth is illuminated |
| gibbous moon | When the size of the illuminated portion of the moon is greater than half but not a full moon |
| full moon | phase that occurs when all of the Moon's surface facing Earth reflects light |
| 1st quarter moon | half the moon disk is illuminated with the light side on the right (in the northern hemisphere) |
| 3rd quarter moon (last quarter) | half the moon disk is illuminated with the light side on the left (in the northern hemsphere) |
| new moon | moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, at which point the Moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth |
| tide | the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon and sun |
| gravitational pull | the force of attraction that tends to draw objects together |
| surface water | Water above the surface of the land, including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, floodwater, and runoff. |
| high tide | the highest level reached by the rising tide |
| low tide | the lowest level reached by the falling tide |
| spring tide | a tide with the greatest difference between low and high tides, occurs at new and full moons |
| neap tide | a tide with the least differene between low and high tides, occurs at the quater moons |
| universe | everything that exists anywhere |
| star | a celestial body that produces its own light |
| nebula | the cloud and dust in space from which a star is made |
| galaxy | large group of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity; can be elliptical, spiral, or irregular |
| hertzsprung - russel (h-r) diagram | a graph that shows the relationship between a star's surface temperature and absolute magnitude |
| elliptical galaxy | egg shaped galaxy |
| spiral galaxy | pinwheel shaped galaxy |
| irregular galaxy | A galaxy that does not have a regular shape. |
| black hole | a region of space with a large gravitational pull resulting from the collapse of a star |
| supernova | the brilliant explosion of a dying supergiant star |
| sun | star around which our planetary system revolves |
| milky way galaxy | the galaxy we live in |
| spiral arms | lanes of interstellar gas, dust, and young stars that wind outward in a plane from the central regions of some galaxies |
| wavelength | The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
| electromagnetic spectrum | arrangement of electromagnetic radiation--including radio waves, visible light from the Sun, gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, and microwaves--according to their wavelengths |
| radiation | energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles |
| radio waves | electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies |
| infrared waves | second on the electromagnetic spectrum going from lowest to highest frequency. can be felt as heat |
| visible light waves | waves we can see; colors of the rainbow; all colors have different wavelengths, travel at same speed-combine to make white light |
| ultraviolet waves | have frequencies slightly higher than visible light; can damage skin |
| red shift | the change in the wavelength of light due to an object moving away from the observer. |
| telescope | a device built to observe distant objects by making them appear closer |
| origin | an event that is a beginning |
| big bang theory | States that all galaxies originated from one huge mass of densely packed matter. |
| plate tectonic theory | Earth's lithosphere is broken into sections, and movement causes changes to Earth's surface |
| lithosphere | the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle |
| continental drift | the theory that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations |
| fossil evidence | detailed record of evolution and continental drift, fossils formed in different layers of rock were evidence of gradual change over time |
| sea floor spreading evidence | eruptions of molten material; magnetic stripes in the rocks of ocean floor; ages of rocks |
| divergent boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other |
| convergent boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other |
| subduction | the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary |
| transform boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally |
| topographic map | a map that shows the surface features of an area |
| elevation | distance of something above a reference point (such as sea level) |
| satellites | any object that revolves around another object in space |
| erosional features | features that are caused by erosion |
| weathering | The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface. |
| deposition | the act of putting something somewhere |
| satellite images | pictures of the land surface based on computer data collected from satellites |
| thermal energy | Heat energy |
| convection | the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion |
| atmosphere | the mass of air surrounding the Earth |
| wind | air moving from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure |
| ocean currents | masses of ocean water that flow from one place to another |
| air pressure | The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface |
| coriolis effect | the effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents |
| weather | The condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place. |
| barometer | an instrument used to measure air pressure |
| psychrometer | instrument used to measure relative humidity |
| anemometer | a weather instrument used for recording the speed and direction of wind |
| air mass | a large body of air with similar humidity and temperature |
| high pressure | an air mass of higher than normal pressure |
| low pressure | an air mass of lower pressure |
| warm front | the front of an advancing mass of warmer air |
| cold front | the front of an advancing mass of colder air |
| stationary front | a boundary between air masses that don't move possibly causing rain for several days |
| occluded front | a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses |
| weather map | shows the weather in a specific area at a specific time; is used to forecast weather |
| weather system | a set of temperature, wind, pressure and moisture conditions for a certain region, that moves as a unit over a period of days. |
| hurricane | tropical storm with violent wind and heavy rain |
| evaporation | the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas |
| condensation | the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state |
Created by:
jistre
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