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LD CH 39
LD BIO CH 39 HUMAN ECOLOGY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ECOLOGY | Deals with the relationship between living things and their environment |
| LIMITING FACTOR | A condition of the environment that limits the growth of a population, such as availability of food, water, space or some other necessity. |
| CARRYING CAPACITY | The maximum size of a population that can be supported by an environment. |
| URBANIZATION | The transformation of a rural area to a city environment |
| EROSION | The removal of soil by the action of wind and/or water |
| POLLUTION | Makes the environment less fit for living things |
| NOISE POLLUTION | Loud sounds that can cause hearing loss |
| BIODEGRADABLE | Can be broken down by microorganisms |
| EUTROPHICATION | An accelerated aging process in a lake or pone, in which the body of water fills in with plant remains and is reduced in size |
| BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION | The accumulation of substances in larger and larger quantities in the bodies or organisms at each higher level of a food chain. |
| THERMAL POLLUTION | Pollution by changing water temperature |
| AEROSOLS | Tiny particles suspended in air |
| TEMPERATURE INVERSION | A situation in which a layer of cooler, denser air becomes trapped below a layer of warmer air. |
| RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES | A natural resource, such as air, water, soil, sunlight, and living organisms, that can be replaced by natural process. |
| NONRENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES | Resources that can be used only once, such as coal, oil and minerals, and cannot be replaced |
| COVER CROPS | Crops planted to prevent erosion |
| RECYCLING | The process of reusing materials rather than discarding them as waste |
| STRIP CROPPING | A conservation practice in which cover crops are planted between strops of row crops, leaving no soil open to erosion. |
| TERRACING | Farming practice used on hillsides |
| CONTOUR FARMING | Farming practice used on uneven landscapes |
| WINDBREAKS | Rows of trees used to prevent wind erosion of the soil |
| DAMS | Barriers built to hold back flowing water |
| CROP ROTATION | A method of farming in which pieces in which different crops are grown on a field in successive years to prevent the reduction of soil nutrients |
| FERTILIZERS | Materials used to provide or replace soil nutrients |
| SUSTAINED-YIELD TREE FARMING | A method of forest conservation in which trees are cut down in certain areas of a forest, leaving surrounding areas untouched. |
| REFORESTATION | A program that plants seeds or seedlings to replace trees lost in cutting |
| SANITARY AND FILL | A large area where refuse is dumped into a trench |
| DDT | Example of a pesticide |
| DISRUPTION OF EXISTING ECOSYSTEMS | Rural Farming, Deforestation, Building of Dams & Destroying habitats of pants and animals |
| NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT | Disruption of Existing Ecosystems, Human Population Growth, Environmental pollution, Overhunting, Importation of organisms, Exploration of organisms, & Poor land use management |
| HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH | With the growth of technology, limits factors that keep natural populations under control (disease, predation, hunger, exposure). Eliminating these factors makes the human population grow faster than the food supply |
| WATER POLLUTION | Chemicals, lead & some pesticides are eaten by primary consumer and toxic substances become higher in concentrations in secondary consumers (Biological magnification). Organic wastes can kill aquatic organisms. Another example is oil spills. |
| AIR POLLUTION | Dust, smoke, & aerosols. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) from burning fossil fuels dissolves in rain water to form acid rain. Smog (smoke + fog). CFC's (Chloroflurocarbons) such as Freon in air conditioners & refrigerators combine with the ozone & destroy it. |
| OVERHUNTING | Results in the extinction of animals and endangering others. (Ex: Dodo bird, passenger pigeon & blue whale). |
| IMPORTATION OF ORGANISMS | New species intentionally or unintentionally introduced to new environment. No new natural enemies thus overpopulates and takes over native species. (ex: Japanese beetles, Gypsy moth, & funguses) |
| EXPLOITATION OF ORGANSIMS | Commercial trade in exotic plants and animals. (ex: African elephant & Pacific walrus, Columbian parrots, & Tropical hardwood trees) |
| POOR LAND USE MANAGEMENT | Erosion of soil, Destruction of food producing lands, Poor agricultural practices (overcropping & overgrazing). |
| OVERCROPPING | Soil does not recover nutrients |
| OVERGRAZING | Large numbers of animals graze on land destabilizing the soil |
| POSITIVE WAYS TO RESTORE ENVIRONMENT | Controlling population, Conservation of resources, Pollution controls, Species preservation, Controlling pest biologically, & Environmental laws. |
| CONTROLLING POPULATION | Educate on family planning & birth control, 1 Child Law (China) & Use of Contraceptions |
| CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES | Erosion Controls, Water Conservation, Conservation of energy resources, & Recycling to precent depletion |
| EROSION CONTROLS | Reforestation & Covering crops (reduce loss of soil) |
| POLLUTION CONTROLS | New Technology (control air, water & soil pollution), Polluted areas are cleaned up & recovering, & Laws are passed & enforced regulating the release of pollutants |
| SPECIES PRESERVATION | Wildlife (refuges established), Laws (helped endangered species by protecting natural habitats, limited hunting). (ex: American bison, egret, whooping crane, bald eagle, & peregrine falcon) |
| CONTROLLING PESTS BIOLOGICALLY | Use natural enemies of these pests instead of biocides, Artificial sex hormones to attack & trap insect pests) & New iPhone with mosquito high frequency to repel insects. |
| ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS | Federal, state, & local laws have been enacted to protect, promote education concerning environmental issues & enforce environment preservation. |
Created by:
desilva13
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