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LD BIO CH 37
LD BIO CH 37 ORGANIZATION IN THE BIOSPHERE
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ORGANISM | One individual of a species (group of organisms that breed together & form fertile offspring) |
| POPULATION | Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area at the same time |
| ECOSYSTEM | Made up of a community and its abiotic environment |
| BIOSPHERE | All of earth's ecosystems interacting with each other from deepest oceans to highest part of the atmosphere |
| ECOLOGY | Study of interactions between organisms and their environment |
| BIOTIC | Living organisms |
| ABIOTIC | Part of the environment that are not living (ex: soil water, light, temperature) |
| COMMUNITY | Consists of all the populations of different species that live and interact together in the same area |
| HABITAT | Is the environment in which an organism lives |
| NICHE | Way of life within an ecosystem (habitat, food, predators, competitors, & how the organism affects and is affected by its abiotic environment) |
| SYMBIOSIS | A close, long-term association between 2 organisms which can benefit, not affect, or be harmful |
| MUTUALISM | Organisms benefit (ex: Ecoli live in your intestines & make vitamin K for you; Aphids get protection & pampering while ants eat sugary substance they secrete) |
| PARASITISM | One organism benefits while the other is harmed. (ex: Tick (parasite) lives outside the body (host). Tapeworm (parasite) lives inside the body (host) |
| MUTUALISM EXAMPLE | Gold algae produce food by photosynthesis of which the coral use while they provide a home for the algae. |
| COMMENSALISM | One organism benefits & the other is not affected. (ex: Shark & remora (smaller fish that "hitches rides & feeds off of the shark scraps) |
| TYPES OF SYMBIOSIS | Mutualism, Commensalism, & Parasitism |
| AUTOTROPHS | Self feeders by plants and chemosynthetic bacteria. (ex: plants & chemosynthetic bacteria that form around volcanic vents in the sea floor to produce food from inorganic substances. Worms, clams, crab & small fish survive on the food |
| PRODUCERS | Get energy from the sun & make their own food |
| HETEROTROPHS | Organisms that rely on other organisms to get energy. |
| CONSUMERS | Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores. |
| DECOMPOSERS | Scavengers & predators |
| POPULATION DENSITY | Number of organisms per given area (ex: top island has 1/2 the population density because of a larger area) |
| HERBIVORES | Primary consumers - Eat plants |
| CARNIVORES | Secondary consumers - Eat meat |
| OMNIVORES | Eat both plants and animals |
| POPULATION GROWTH | Change in size of the population over a period of time (ex: positive = increasing, negative = decreasing, & zero = stable) |
| CARRYING CAPACITY | Maximum size population that can be sustained in an area over a long period of time. Food supply is usually the factor that determines this. |
| LIMITING FACTORS | Environmental conditions that limit the growth of a population. Include: Amt of nutrients or food, Predation, Amt of nest sites for reproduction, Climate (amt of sun, temp or rain), & Amt of PH |
| FOOD CHAINS | Show how energy is transferred from the sun to the producers to consumers (to decomposers is implied). |
| FOOD WEB | Show the relationship between all the food chains that are connected within an ecosystem |
| ENERGY PYRAMID | Loses energy as it passes from producer (bot) to consumers (top). Each level contains less energy than the level below it. Consumers lose energy due to heat loss, stored energy, some in wastes or chemical reactions that don't pass to next consumer |
| WATER CYCLE | The cycling of water between the surface of the earth and the atmosphere |
| CARBON CYCLE | The pathways by which carbon is circulated through the biosphere |
| NITROGEN CYCLE | The series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition |
| SUCCESSION | Development of a new ecosystem is a gradual change from one biotic community is replaced by another until a stable community exists (climax community) |
| BIOMES | Large geographic areas with similar physical conditions & similar climax communities |
Created by:
desilva13
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