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Adaptations&NaturalS
Study Island Practice/Help (Adaptations & Natural Selection)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is true about natural selection? | Natural selection causes changes in populations because of the differential reproductive success of genetically varied individuals. |
| A mutation exists in a gene that controls hair growth on the middle digit of human fingers. Some people have mid-digital hair, while others do not..Which explanation best predicts what should happen to this trait over time? | The incidence of mid-digital hair will not change because it offers no selective advantage or disadvantage. |
| A small population of a specific bird species lives on an island in the Pacific Ocean..The loss of the gene coding for an orange crest in the bird population described above is an example of __. | genetic drift |
| A particular environment has enough food to support 50 rats through the winter. At the end of winter one year, there are 25 female rats and 25 male rats. ..what will happen to this population of rats between fall and the next spring? | The fifty rats best able to get and keep food will survive to reproduce next spring. |
| The graph above shows the frequency distribution of a population of fish before and after scientists engaged in a breeding program over many generations. Which of the following explanations best describes the program? | The average size of the population increased because the scientists selected for larger individuals. |
| A chance mutation causes a cheetah to be born with very short front limbs. What will be the most likely result of this mutation? | The cheetah will not be able to run as fast. |
| The trees that grow in the rainforest can grow up to 130 feet tall. These trees usually have straight trunks that do not branch out until near the top. Most of the trees that grow in the rainforest also have | smooth, thin bark that allows water to run off them more easily. |
| In their first attempts to genetically engineer a cow that will make and secrete human growth hormones in milk, scientists found that they could insert the ..What is the best explanation of what will happen in a population of genetically altered cows? | The cows will reproduce, but neither males nor females will reproduce the altered gene. |
| The woolly mammoth was a relative of modern elephants that lived in the cold northern parts of the world less than five million years ago.. Which of the following sentences best describes how natural selection resulted in the woolly mammoth? | Mammoths with thicker fur were more successful at surviving and reproducing in cold climates. |
| Which of the following best describes why the two minnow populations evolved into separate species? | Different selective pressures were acting upon the two populations, leading to an increase in genetic variation and the formation of two new species. |
| A chance mutation causes a cheetah to be born with very short front limbs. What will be the most likely result of this mutation? | The cheetah will not be able to run as fast. |
| The trees that grow in the rainforest can grow up to 130 feet tall. These trees usually have straight trunks that do not branch out until near the top. Most of the trees that grow in the rainforest also have | smooth, thin bark that allows water to run off them more easily. |
| In their first attempts to genetically engineer a cow that will make and secrete human growth hormones in milk, scientists found that they could insert the ..What is the best explanation of what will happen in a population of genetically altered cows? | The cows will reproduce, but neither males nor females will reproduce the altered gene. |
| The woolly mammoth was a relative of modern elephants that lived in the cold northern parts of the world less than five million years ago.. Which of the following sentences best describes how natural selection resulted in the woolly mammoth? | Mammoths with thicker fur were more successful at surviving and reproducing in cold climates. |
| Allele frequency refers to the fraction of individuals with a particular version of a given gene. What effect does natural selection have on the allele frequency of a population? | It increases the frequency of alleles that improve a species' survival in a particular environment. |
| Certain traits can be passed from parents to their offspring. These are called heritable traits. Natural selection most favors the organisms whose heritable traits | increase the number of their offspring who successfully reproduce. |
| Which of the following is the most likely side effect of the overusage of pesticides? | Pesticide-resistant pests will survive, reproduce and flourish. |
| Which of the following adaptations is most likely to help an organism survive in an aquatic habitat? | webbed feet |
| A population of lizards lives on Island A. On nearby Island B, another population of the same species is present. ..The transfer of genetic information that occurs between the two lizard populations above is known as | gene flow |
| A family of white rabbits is transferred from a snow-filled ecosystem to a prairie. Which of the following adaptations would be most beneficial to the offspring of these white rabbits? | darkening of the fur |
| Allele frequency refers to the fraction of individuals with a particular version of a given gene. What effect does genetic drift have on the allele frequency of a population? | It causes random changes and the allele frequency of certain traits may increase or decrease. |
| Which of the following processes is least likely to introduce variations into the genetic make-up of a population? | mitosis |
| Natural selection causes changes in populations of organisms, not individual organisms, because | differential reproductive success caused by genetic variation is necessary for the process of natural selection. |
| Prairies have hot summers, cold winters, and frequent droughts. During these hot summers, wildfires are common. The most common plants in a prairie are | grasses with narrow leaves |
| any floating aquatic plants, such as water lilies, only contain chlorophyll in the top part of their leaves. In fact, the bottom part of a water lily is often purple because it lacks chlorophyll. This adaptation most likely occurs because | sunlight only hits the top part of the leaf. |
| All species have a certain amount of genetic diversity within their populations. How is genetic diversity important to the concept of natural selection? | Without genetic diversity, natural selection cannot occur. |
| Over the years, bacteria have become less sensitive to antibiotics used for medicinal and sanitation purposes. This lack of sensitivity is termed antibiotic resistance. How is antibiotic resistance an adaptation? | The trait giving bacteria antibiotic resistance has become common, giving bacteria with the trait a selective advantage. |
| Allele frequency refers to the fraction of individuals with a particular version of a given gene. What effect does the founder effect have on the allele frequency of a population? | It causes the allele frequency to resemble that of a small number of individuals that became separated from the rest of the population. |
| Which of the following is best defined as the transfer of genetic information from one population to another? | gene flow |
| Genetic drift can best be defined as | a change in the allelic frequency within a population due to random chance. |
| The source of genetic variation that occurs during meiosis and results in new combinations of alleles is known as _______. | genetic recombination |
| The picture above shows a biome in which plants are often adapted to grow on top of each other in order to reach sunlight. Vines, mosses, and ferns grow in this biome. This biome is most likely a _______. | tropical rainforest |
| Which of the following best explains the variety of beaks found in finches on the Galapagos Island? | Evolution through natural selection can increase the species diversity of an ecosystem. |
| The vast majority of all species who have ever lived on earth no longer exist. Far more organisms have become extinct than are currently alive. Why? | Species are continually being replaced or changed into other species by evolution. This process is currently very rapid compared to how long life has existed on earth. |
| An animal has thick fur, padded paws, and small appendages. This animal is most likely to survive in _______. | the Arctic |
| Many species of birds are behaviorally adapted to migrate from one area to another as the seasons change. ..These birds have most likely adapted their behavior of migration because it allows them to | find food more easily during stressful environmental conditions. |
| Polar bears live in very cold climates. Which of the following adaptations most likely helps polar bears to survive the extremely cold temperatures of the Arctic? | Polar bears have a thick layer of blubber under their skin. |
| There is a large amount of biodiversity throughout the world. According to the theory of natural selection, which of the following factors is primarily responsible for biodiversity? | environmental diversity |
| Which of the following best explains how genetic recombination influences evolution? | The genetic variation introduced during recombination provides new allelic combinations for natural selection to act upon. |
| The tundra biome has extremely cold temperatures during much of the year and a hard sublayer of permanently frozen soil called permafrost. Which of the following adaptations would plants in the tundra most likely have? | Plants in the tundra are small, low-growing, and are often dark in color to absorb heat. |
| Which of the following may have been an advantageous adaptation for the jackrabbit? | I and II only |
| Pelicans have enormous, pouched bills. This adaptation makes pelicans best suited for | eating fish and living in aquatic habitats. |
| The graphs above show the difference between an initial population of colored lizards and the same population after 100 generations. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the difference? | Some change in the environment selected for red and blue lizards, but against green ones. |
| A small population of a specific bird species lives on an island in the Pacific Ocean. ..The loss of the gene coding for an orange crest in the bird population described above is an example of _______. | genetic drift |
| Natural selection allows a species to change in response to its environment. What is the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment called? | adaptation |
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