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Ch.17

Vocab

TermDefinition
continental drift Wegener's hypothesis that Earth's continents were joined as a single land mass, called Pangaea, that broke apart about 200 mya and slowly moved to their present positions.
Pangaea ancient landmass made up of all the continents that began to break apart about 200 mya.
magnetometer device used to map the ocean floor that detects small changes in magnetic fields.
magnetic reversal when Earth's magnetic field changes polarity between normal and reversed.
paleomagnetism study of Earth's magnetic record using data gathered from iron-bearing minerals in rocks tha have recorede the orientation of Earth's magnetic field at the time of their formation.
isochron imaginary line on a map that shows points of the same age; formed at the same time.
seafloor spreading the hypothesis that new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches; occurs in a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading.
tectonic plate huge pieces of Earth's crust that cover its surface and fit together at their edges.
divergent boundary place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart; is associated with volcanism, earthquakes, and high heat flow, and is found primarily on the seafloor.
rift valley long narrow depression that forms when continental crust begins to separate at a divergent boundary.
convergent boundary place where two of Earth's tectonic plates are moving apart.
subduction process by which one tectonic plate slips beneath another tectonic plate.
transform boundary place where two tectonic plates slide tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other.
ridge push tectonic process associated with convection currents in earth's mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone.
slap pull tectonic process associated with convection currents in earth's mantle that occurs as the weight of the subducting plate pulls the trialing lithosphere into a subduction zone.
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