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VERTEBRAL COLUMN
study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name 5 regions of the vertebral column | cervical , Thoracic region , lumbar region , sacral region , coccyx |
| How many vertebrae are in each region in each region are the vertebrae moveable or fused together? | cervical- 7 thoracic- 12 lumbar- 5 sacral- 5 coccyx- 4 |
| In each region are the vertebrae moveable or fused together? | cervical, thoracic, lumbar are moveable sacral and coccyx are fused |
| Describe how the vertebral foramen form the vertebral canal | vertebral forman successively stacked vertebral forman and form the vertebral canal |
| What exits the intervertebral foramen? | nerves exit |
| Define vertebral arch and vertebral body | is the posterior part of a vertebra. 7 processes: 2 superior articular processes. 2 inferior articular processes. |
| Which has a weight-bearing function? | the vertebral body |
| Which is the space enclosing the spinal cord? | vertebral canal |
| The vertebral arch is composed of 2 ____ and ___laminae | pedicles , 2 |
| Which attach to the vertebral body? | 2 pedicles attch to the bodies |
| Which fuse medially forming the “roof” of the vertebral arch? | lamina |
| identify 7 processes that typically arise off of the vertebral arch | spinous processes 2 transverse proccesses 2 superior articular processes 2 inferior articular proccesses |
| Two superior articular processes. Do the facets of these processes face forwards or backwards? | they face backward |
| Two inferior articular processes Do the facets of these processes face forwards or backwards? | they face forward |
| Define 3 abnormal curvatures | thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and scoliosis. |
| Describe the anatomy of an intervertebral disc in terms of: anulus fibrosus | fibers criss-cross in concentric layers |
| Describe the anatomy of an intervertebral disc in terms of: nucleus pulposus | the inner gelatinous acts like a rubber ball |
| What is a herniated disc? | rupture of the anulous fibrosus follwed but protursion of the spongy nucleus pulposus |
| What type of cartilage is the anulus fibrosus made out of? | fibro cartilage |
| Describe 2 primary curvatures of the vertebral column | thoracic and sacral regions are primary curvatures they have a concave anterior (curving away) |
| Describe 2 secondary curvatures of the vertebral column | cervical regions develop when baby can hold head up/ lumbar region develops when toddler can walk |
| What are the 3 meningeal layers that cover/protect the spinal cord? | Pia mater, arachnoid mater, Dura mater |
| define two “spaces”, the epidural space and the subarachnoid space. | epidural space is filled with fat veins, the subarachniod space has spinal fluid that circulates within this space |
| In which space does CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) circulate? | subarchnoid space |
| Describe how C1 | C1 has no body, allows yes movement |
| What kind of movement (“yes” or “no”) is allowed at the: atlanto-occipital joint? | yes |
| What kind of movement (“yes” or “no”) is allowed at the: atlantoaxial joint? | no |
| Joint of the vertebral arch | zygopophyseal joints |
| "zygopophyseal joints" What structures articulate in this joint? | a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it |
| "zygopophyseal joints" What type of synovial joint is this joint? | articular process |
| Vertebrae regional characteristics. Vertebral artery passes through us. (hint: we’re in the cervical region) | vertebral artery |
| We have heart-shaped bodies and our vertebral foramen are very round. | t5-t8 |
| We have the largest vertebral bodies of all the regions. | lumbar |
| I have no body. | c1 |
| I have the longest spinous process of the cervical vertebrae. | c7 |
| I have a dens, or odontoid process | c2 |
| We have costal facets | ribs |
| I have a canal and a hiatus | sacrium |
| I have a dens, or odontoid process. | c2 |
| Our spinous processes (at least for some of us) are ____, or forked in appearance. | bifid |
| Our spinous processes are fused forming this “crest” | median sacral crest |
| Our spinous processes are long and slender and point inferiorly. | t5- t8 |
| We are the “typical” thoracic vertebrae. (which of the 12 of us are we?) | T5- T8 |
| We are the “typical” cervical vertebrae (which of the 7 are we?) | c3 c4 c5 c6 |
| Our vertebral foramina change from oval to triangular as you proceed from #1 to #5 from our region. | lumbar |
| On the sacrum: we form from ____transverse processes | fused |
| On the sacrum: what do you call our 4-paired holes? | sacral fotamina |
| Our transverse processes have “holes”. Which region is this? | Cervical |
| describe how C2 is unique | c2 allows the no movement,has a odontoid processes tooth like, provides a pivot point |
| describe how c7 is unique | vertebra prominens (very prominent spinous processes) |
Created by:
brandie8918
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