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zoo141 chap 9 (2)

part two, skeletal muscle tissue

QuestionAnswer
isotonic contraction muscle length changes during contraction
concentric contraction muscle shortens during contraction
eccentric contraction muscle lengthens during contraction
glycolysis anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in cytoplasm (does not require oxygen)
aerobic metabolism citric acid cycle + electron transport system = aerobic breakdown of pyruvate in mitochondria (requires oxygen)
what are the three sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber ATP, creatine phosphate (CP), and glycogen
fast fibers fast contraction speed, low myoglobin content, few mitochondria and capillaries, large glycogen reserves, low fatigue resistance
slow fibers slow contraction speed, high myoglobin content, many mitochondria and capillaries, high fatigue resistance
intermediate fibers fast contraction speed, low myoglobin content, intermediate mitochondria and capillaries, intermediate fatigue resistance
hypertrophy repeated, exhaustive stimulation → increased number of myofibrils → muscle enlarges
atrophy muscle that is not regularly stimulated by a motor neuron loses muscle tone and mass
polio virus attacks motor neurons in spinal cord and brain → atrophy and paralysis
tetanus bacterium produces toxin that blocks release of a neurotransmitter in the spinal cord that normally stops motor neurons from producing unwanted muscle contractions → sustained, powerful muscle contractions throughout body
botulism prevents ACh release at neuromuscular junctions → paralysis
myasthenia gravis loss of ACh receptors at neuromuscular junctions → progressive muscle weakness
rigor mortis Ca ions released as sarcoplasmic reticulum deteriorates → myosin binds to actin, but as ATP reserves are exhausted, myosin cannot detach from actin
Created by: btuehara
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