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zoo141 chap 9
skeletal muscle tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epimysium | dense layer of collagen fibers surrounding entire skeletal muscle |
| perimysium | fibrous layer that divides the skeletal muscle into fascicles (bundles of skeletal muscle fibers |
| endomysium | delicate connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers |
| tendon | bundle of collagenous connective tissue attaching muscle to bone |
| aponeurosis | broad sheet of collagenous connective tissue attaching muscle to bone |
| myofibrilis | = bundles of protein filaments called myofilaments, which contain repeating functional unit called sarcomeres |
| thin filaments | composed primarily of actin |
| thick filaments | composed primarily of myosin |
| transverse tubules (t tubules) | carry electrical activity from sarcolemma into cell interior |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum SR | stores and releases calcium, to start muscle contraction |
| terminal cisternae | expanded chambers that contact T tubule, forming triad |
| A band | contains the entire width of the thick filaments |
| H band | contains the part of the thick filaments that does not overlap the thin filaments |
| I band | contains the part of the thin filaments that does not overlap the thick filaments |
| M line | connect the central portion of each thick filament |
| Z line | marks boundary between adjacent sarcomeres; consists of actinin proteins |
| G-actin (globular actin) | contains active sites that bind to myosin |
| F-actin (filamentous actin) | twisted strand composed of two rows of G-actin molecules |
| nubulin | holds the F-actin strand together |
| tropomyosin | strands that cover the active sites on G-actin |
| troponin | has three subunits, that bind to tropomyosin, G-actin, and calcium |
| myosin | has head that binds to thin filaments, and tail |
| titin | forms core of thick filament |
| the synaptic terminal of a neuron contains | vesicles filled with Ach |
| the motor end plate of muscle fiber has | deep creases called junctional folds |
| the synaptic cleft is the | space containing AChE (enzyme that breaks down ACh) |
| latent period | action potential sweeps across sarcolemma, SR releases Ca ions |
| contraction phase | tension rises to peak, as cross-bridge interactions occur |
| relaxation phase | tension decreases, as Ca levels fall, tropomyosin covers the active sites on actin, and myosin is blocked from binding to actin |
| motor unit | all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron |
| sacromere length | tension production greatest at optimal resting length of sarcomere |
| treppe occurs if | muscle fiber is stimulated immediately after relaxation phase ends |
| wave summation occurs if | muscle fiber is stimulated before relaxation phase ends |
| incomplete tetanus | muscle produces almost peak tension during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation |
| complete tetanus | at high stimulation frequency, muscle produces smooth, sustained contraction |
| recruitment | activation of more motor units |
| asynchronous motor unit summation | motor units are activated on a rotating basis during a sustained contraction |
| muscle tone | tension in resting muscle |
| isometric contraction | muscle contraction without change in length |
| excitation-contraction coupling | sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca ions |
Created by:
btuehara
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