Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Micro 2
Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Must be provided to an organism | Essential Nutrients |
| required in large quantities. Play principle role in cell structure and metabolism (proteins, carbs) | Macronutrients |
| – required in small amounts. Involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure (manganese, zinc, nickel) | Micronutrients/Trace Elements |
| Organic Nutrients – Carbon Source, usually the products of living things | 1. Proteins 2. Lipids 3. Carbs 4. Methane (CH4) |
| – Atom or molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen. *CO2 | Inorganic Nutrients |
| Inorganic Nutrients | 02 (Lipid synthesis an metabolism) Nitrogen (proteins, ATP, Nucleic Acids) H2O – Metabolically active Metals – Enzyme function Salts – Maintain proper osmotic pressure |
| CLASSIFICATIONS BY CARBON SOURCE | Heterotroph Autotroph |
| CLASSIFICATION BY ENERGY SOURCE | Chemotroph Phototroph |
| Chemoautotrophs | Survive totally on inorganic substances |
| Photoautotrophs | – Oxygenic Photosynthesis, Anoxygenic Photosynthesis |
| Methanogens | A kind of chemoautotroph that produces methane gas under anaerobic conditions |
| Parasites | Derive nutrients from host (Pathogens, Some are obligate parasites) |
| Transport | Movement of chemicals across the cell membrane |
| Passive Transport | does not require energy; substances exist in a gradient and move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration (Diffusion, Osmosis [Diffusion of water], Facilitated diffusion [requires a carrier] |
| Diffusion | Movement of a molecule down its concentration gradient |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane |
| High solute, low solvent (water) | Hypertonic |
| Low solute, High Solvent (water) | Hypotonic |
| Isotonic | about equal parts water on both sides |
| Facilitate diffusion | Molecules diffuse down the concentration gradient through a transport protein embedded in plasma membrane |
| Active transport | requires energy and carrier proteins; gradient independent; transport is against the concentration gradient |
| Endocytosis | Eating and drinking by a cell |
| Phagocytosis | ingests substances or cells |
| Pinocytosis | ingests liquids |
| Environmental factors that influence microbes | Temperature Oxygen requirements Effects of PH Osmotic pressure |
| Psychrophiles | 0 – 15 C |
| Mesophiles | 20 – 40 C *37C |
| Thermophile | 50 – 90 C |
| Hyperthermophile | > 95 C |
| Effects of PH | Majority of microorganisms grow at a PH between 6-8 |
| Acidophiles | grow at extreme acid PH |
| Alkalinophiles | grow at extreme alkaline PH |
| Osmotic pressure | Most microbes exist under hypotonic or isotonic conditions 0.85% NaCl |
| Halophiles | require a high concentration of salt |
| Osmotolerant or Falcultative Halopholes | do not require high concentration of solute but can tolerate it when it occurs. |
| The Study of microbial growth | 2 levels of growth |
| Cellular level | Cell increases in size |
| Population | Growth in population |
| Division of bacterial cells occur through | Binary Fission |
| a. Organism grows b. Duplicates its genome c. Cytoplasm divides | Binary Fission steps |
| Doubling Time | how long it takes a cell to divide by BF |
| Growth Curve | Inoculate a fresh plate/tube (media) Lag Phase(Slow growth) Log Phase Rapid division, active metabolism (Exponential Growth) Stationary Phase Nutrients are low, growth rate = death rate Death Phase Nutrients running out, death rate > growth rate |
Created by:
wiveys
Popular Biology sets