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Cellular Respiratio2

QuestionAnswer
Where do living things get Energy? Food provides living things with Chemical building blocks they need to grow and reproduce
what is an autotroph something that makes their own food
what is an Heterotroph something that relies on other organisms for food.
for all organisms food molecules contain contain chemical bonds and when broken what happens? chemical energy that is released when their chemical bonds are broken
definition of a calorie? Is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
what calorie is mentioned on a food label Kilocalorie.
Carbs and Proteins contain how many calories of energy per gram 4
Fat contain how many calories of energy per gram 9
Cells break down food molecules gradually capturing a little bit of chemical energy at key steps. This helps the cell to use the energy stored in chem bonds of foods like glucose to produce compunds like ATP that directly power the activities of cell.
What is Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
what is the chemical summary for Cellular Respiration 6o2 +C6H12o6---->6Co2 + 6 H20 + Energy
Name the stages of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration captures the energy from food in 3 main stages what are they 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb Cycle 3. and the Electron Transport Chain.
Food pathway for energy Ex Glucose pathway for energy describe it glucose enters a chemical pathway Glycolysis. a small amount of energy is captured to produce ATP during this stage. Fact 90%of the Chem. energy that was available in glucose is still unused, locked in chemical bonds of a molecule called Pyruvic Acid
How does the cell extract the rest of the energy that is stored in the chemical bonds of Pyruvic Acid Pyruvic acid enters second stage of Cellular respiration the Kreb cycle. here a little more energy is generated. the bulk of the stored energy is comes from the final stage the Electron Transport chain.
How does the Electron Transport chain extract so much energy from the reactants in cellular Respiration It uses the worlds most powerful electron acceptors oxygen.
Oxygen is required where during the electron transport chain. O2 is required at the very end of ETC Anytime a cell's demand for energy increases its use of o2 increases.
pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are said to be what aerobic
what process's in cellular respiration are aerobic? the kreb cycle and the electron transport chain are both aerobic process's
True or false the Kreb cycle does not directly require oxygen? True
why is the Kreb cycle considered aerobic when it doesn't directly require oxygen because it cant run with out oxygen-requiring electron transport chain.
What stage of Cellular respiration that is considered anaerobic(with out air)and doesn't need oxygen to do it part? Glycolysis does not directly require o2 nor does it rely on an oxygen-requiring process to run
what is Glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic anerobic Even though glycolysis is anaerobic, it is considered part of cellular respiration because its final products are key reactants for the aerobic stages.
what is the structures in the cell that convert chemical energy stored in food to usable energy for the cell? the mitochondria
where does glycolysis actually occur in the cytoplasm of the cell but the Kreb cycle and ETC which generate the majority of ATP during cellular respiration takes place inside the mitochondria
if oxygen is not present another anaerobic pathway known as _______makes it possible for the cell to keep glycolysis running generating ATP to power cellular activity fermentation.
describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? why doesn't the earth run out of oxygen? where does all the C02 waste go How does chemical energy stored in food get replaced? cellular respiration is balanced by photosynthesis.
how does the energy in photosynthesis and cellular respiration flow in opposite directions.
Cellular Respiration is the process that that withdraws energy. Photosyntheis is the process that deposits energy.
Cellular respiration and Photosynthesis equations are the reverse of each other.
describe the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration Both are opposite of each other meaning Photosynthesis removes Co2 from the atmosphere and cellular repiration puts it back. Photosynthesis releases o2 into the atmosphere and cellular respiration uses that o2 to release energy from food.
the release of energy by cellular respiration takes place in nearly all plants animals fungi protest and most bacteria Energy captured by photosyntheisis however occurs where? only in plants alge and some bacteria.
Photo synthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and cellular respiration puts it back
Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere and cellular respiration uses that oxygen into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food.
Describe what Glycolysis means Sugar breaking. it involves many chemical steps that transform glucose. the end result is 2 molecules of a 3 carbon molecule called PYRUVIC ACID A 3 CARBON COMPOUND. AS THE BONDS OF GLUCOSE are broken and rearranged energy is released. The pr
How many ATP's are required to get glycolysis started 2 ATP
How many ATP molecules does Glyolysis produce 4 ATP for each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis this gives the cell a net gain of 2ATP for every glucose molecule.
one of the reactions of Glycolysis removes 4 electrons now in a high energy state where does the electrons get passed down to they get passed down to an electron carrier called. NAD or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
what is NAD it is an electron carrier that accepts a pair of high energy electrons.
what is NADH a molecule that holds the electrons until they are transferred to other molecules.
In the presence of Oxygen the High- energy electrons can be used to produce what even more ATP molecules.
In the process of Glycolysis what molecules are synthesized from 4ADP molecules 4 ATP
Glycolysis speed can be a big advantage when energy demands of a cell increase.
what is another advantage of glycolysis besides speed Its the process itself does not require oxygen. this means that glycolysis can quickly supply chemical energy to cells and when oxygen is not available.
when o2 is available in glycolysis what happens Pyruvic acid and NADH "outputs"generated during glycolysis become inputs for other processes of cellular respiration.
What happens during the kreb cycle in the presence of oxygen pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis passes to the second stage of cellular respiration.
what happens to Pyruvic acid in the Kreb Cycle It is broken down into Carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions.
why is the Kreb Cycle also known as the Citric Acid cycle? because the first compound formed in the this series of reactions is Citric
When does the Kreb cycle begin? it begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis passes through the two membranes of the mitochondrian and into the Matrix.
what is the Matrix the matrix is the innermost compartment of the mitrochondrion and the site of the Kreb cycle reactions.
what happens once the matrix 1 carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of what a molecule of C02 which is eventually released into the air.
what happens to the other 2 carbon atoms from pyruvic acid they rearrange and form acetic acid which is joined to a compound called a coenzyme A.
the resulting molecule from the other 2 carbon atoms from Pyruvic Acid which become rearranged and form acetic acid and joined to a compound called coenzyme A is called acetyl- Co A.
what is the Acetyl Co A made up of 2 carbon atoms 1 o2 atom and 3 hydrogen atoms.
what happens as the Kreb Cycle begins acetyl CoA adds the 2 Carbon acetyl group to a 4-Carbon molecule already present in the cycle, producing a 6 carbon molecule called citric acid.
What happens when the Kreb cycle continues what is broken down? Citrix acid is broken down into a 4 Carbon Molecule more Co2 is released and electrons are transferred to energy carriers.
What is the site where the Kreb cycle reactions occur. in the Matrix inside the Mitochondria
why is the Kreb cycle a cycle? because the 4-Carbon molecule produced in the last step is the same molecule that accepts the Acetyl- CoA in the first Step.
the molecule that is needed to start the reactions of the cycle is remade with every turn.
For each turn of the cycle what is converted to a molecule of ATP ADP is converted into ATP
RECAP: Glycolysis produces 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid from 1 molecule of Glucose so each starting molecule of glucose results in what in the Kreb cycle results in two complete turns of the Kreb cycle and therefore 2 ATP molecules.
Finally look at the electron Carriers what are they called NAD and FAD
at how many places do electrons carriers accept a pair of high-energy electrons, changing NAD to what and FAD to what NAD to NADH FAD to FADH.
what happens to each product of the Kreb cycle CO2, ATP and Electron Carriers Carbon dioxide is not useful to the cell and is expelled every time you exhale.
what happens to the product of ATP in the Kreb cycle ATP is very useful and become immediately available to power cellular activities.
what are the carrier molecules called NADH
what happens to NADH in the presence of O2 the electrons they hold are used to huge amounts of ATP.
RECALL: products from both the kreb cycle and glycolysis feed into the last step in cellular respiration the electron transport chain Glycolosis generates High-Energy electrons that are passed to NAD forming NADH. Those NADH and FADH generated by the Kreb cycle. the electrons are then passed from all those carriers to the ETC
High energy electons are passed form one carrier to the next. At the end of the etchain is and enzyme that combines these electrons with what Hydrogen ions and oxygen to form water.
what does Oxygen serves as in the ETC its serves as the final electon acceptor of the ETC
what is 02 essential for getting rid of low electon's and hydrogen ions, the waste of cellular respiration.
CAN THE ETC FUNCTION W/0 O2? NO
EVERY TIME 2 HIGH ENERGY ELECTONS PASS DOWN THE ETC THEIR ENERGY IS USED TO TRANSPORT HYDORGEN IONS(H+) ACROSS THE MEMBRANE
DURNING THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT HYRDOGEN IONS BULD UP IN THE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE MAKING IT POSITIVELY CHARGED RELATEVE TO THE MATRIX.
THE MATRIX SIDE OF THE MEMBRANE FROM WHICH THOSE H+ IONS HAVEBEEN TAKEN IS NOW NEGATIVELY CHARGED COMPARED TO THE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE.
How does the cell use the potential energy from charge differences built up as a result of Electron Transport? As in Photosysntheisis THE CELL USES A PROCESS KNOWNAS CHEMIOSMOSIS TO PRODUCE ATP. THE INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBERANE CONTAINS ENZYMES KNOWN AS ATP SYNTHACES.
HOW DOES THE CHARGE DIFFERNECE ACCROSS THE MEMBRANE FORCES H+ IONS THROUGH CHANNELS IN THESE ENZYMES ACUTUALLY CAUSING THE ATPSYNTHACES TO SPIN.
WITH EACH ROTATION THE ENZYME GRABS AN ADP MOLECULE AND ATTACHES A PHOSPHATE GROUP PRODUCING WHAT? ATP
Created by: mafogsss9
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