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HCC
HCC 2008 VOCAB Exam 2 (class 5-8)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cultural assimilation | when minority groups live within a dominate group, many of their members lose the cultural characteristics that once made them different |
| cultural blindness | when one ignores differences and proceeds as though they do not exist |
| cultural diversity | people of varying racial classification and national origin religious affliction, language, physical size, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, socioeconomic status, occupational status, and geographic location |
| cultural imposition | the belief that everyone everyone should conform to the majority belief system |
| culture | a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provide social structure for daily living |
| culture conflict | occurs when people become aware of cultural differences, feel threatened and respond by ridiculing the beliefs and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure about their own values |
| culture shock | the feelings a person experiences when placed in a different culture that the person perceives as strange, may result in psychological discomfort or disturbances |
| ethnicity | the sense of identification with a collective cultural group, largely based on the groups common heritage |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that ones own ideas, beliefs, and practices are the best , are superior, or are most preferred to those of others |
| personal space | external environment surrounding a person that is regarded as being part of that person |
| race | specific physical characteristics, such as skin pigmentation, body structure, facial features, and hair texture |
| stereotyping | when someone assumes that all members of a culture or ethnic group act alike |
| assertive behaviors | open honest and direct communication |
| body language | nonverbal communication |
| channel | the medium the sender has selected to send the message |
| cliche | a stereotyped, trite, or pat answer |
| communication | the process of exchanging information and the process of generating and transmitting meanings btw two or more individuals |
| empathy | identifying with the way another person feels |
| feedback | evidence that the receiver has understood the intended message |
| group dynamics | how individual group members relate to one another during the process of working toward group goals |
| helping relationship | exists among people who provide and receive assistance in meeting human needs |
| horizontal violence | anger and aggressive behavior btw nurses, or nurse-to-nurse hostility |
| interpersonal communication | occurs btw two or more people with a goal to exchange messages |
| interviewing techniques | used to obtain needed information while remaining flexible in approach |
| intrapersonal communication | self -talk, communication that happens within the individual, positive talk can be helpful |
| language | a prescribed way of using words so that people can share information effectively |
| message | the actual physiologic product of the source |
| noise | factors that distort the quality of a message- can interfere with communication at any point in the process |
| nonverbal communication | transmission of information without use of words |
| organizational communication | when individuals and groups within an organization communicate to achieve established goals |
| professionalism | appearance demeanor and behavior...a way of being/commitment to secure the interests and welfare of those entrusted to ones care |
| rapport | a feeling of mutual trust experienced by people in a satisfactory relationship. good rapport facilitates open communication |
| receiver (decoder) | must translate and interpret the message sent |
| semantics | the study of the meaning of words |
| small-group communication | when nurses interact with two or more people. ex. staff meetings, patient care conferences, teaching sessions, or support groups |
| source (encoder) | a person or group who initiates or begins the communication process |
| stimulus | patient need to be addressed |
| Therapeutic Touch | "unruffling" or clearing, congested areas of energy in the body and redirecting the energy |
| verbal communication | exchange of information using words, including both the spoken and written word |
| affective learning | includes changes in attitudes, values, and feelings. eg. the patient expresses renewed self confidence after physical therapy |
| androgyny | the study of teaching adults |
| cognitive learning | the store and recalling of new knowledge in the brain |
| contractual agreement | a pact btw two people setting out mutually agreed on goals |
| counseling | interpersonal process of helping patients to make decisions that promote their overall well-being |
| developmental crisis | can occur when a patient is going through a developmental stage or passage such as menopause |
| formal teaching | the planned teaching done to fulfill learner outcomes |
| informal teaching | unplanned teaching sessions that deal with the patients immediate learning needs and concerns |
| learning | the process by which a person acquires or increases knowledge or changes behavior in a measurable way as a result of the experience |
| learning readiness | the patients willingness to engage in the teaching-learning process(emotional-readiness) and to begin the challenge of learning |
| literacy | the ability to read and write |
| negative reinforcement | criticism or punishment- generally ineffective |
| patient education | the process of influencing the patient's behavior to effect changes in knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to maintain and improve health |
| pedagogy | the teaching of children and adolescents |
| positive reinforcement | to affirm the effort of patients who have mastered new knowledge attitudes or skills |
| psychomotor learning | learning a physical skill involving the integration of mental and muscular activity. ex. patient demonstrates how to change dressing using clean techniques |
| situational crisis | occurs when a patient faces an event or situation that causes a disruption in life |
| teaching- learning process | aids nurses in developing their own teaching and learning skills |
| agnostic | one who holds that nothing can be known about the existence of God |
| atheist | a person who denies the existence of God |
| faith | confident belief in something for which there is no proof or material evidence |
| religion | an organized system of beliefs about a higher power |
| spiritual beliefs | associated with all aspects of a persons life including health and illness |
| spiritual distress | spiritual pain, alienation, anxiety, guilt, anger, loss, and despair |
| spirituality | anything that pertains to a persons relationship with a nonmaterial life force or higher power |
| spiritual needs | three,underlying all religious traditions and common to all people: need for meaning and purpose, need for love and relatedness, need for forgiveness |
| aerobic | bacteria required oxygen to live and grow |
| anaerobic | can live without oxygen |
| antibody | what the body produces in response to an antigen |
| antigen | foreign material |
| antimicrobial | antibacterial ingredient |
| asepsis | all activities to prevent infection or break the chain or infection |
| bacteria | the most significant and most commonly observed infection causing agents in healthcare institutions, can be categorized in various ways |
| disinfection | destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores |
| endogenous | causative organism comes from microbial life harbored in the person |
| exogenous | causative organism is acquired from other people |
| fungi | plantlike organisms (molds and yeasts) that also can cause infection, are present in the air, soil, and water |
| health care-associated infection | infections developed during the course of treatment for other conditions |
| host | a source that is acceptable |
| iatrogenic | results form treatment or diagnostic procedure |
| infection | a disease state that results from the presence of pathogens in or on the body |
| isolation | protective procedure that limits the spread of infection |
| medical asepsis | clean technique, involves procedures and practices that reduce the number and transfer of pathogens |
| nosocomial | something originated or taking place in a hospital |
| pathogens | disease-producing microorganisms |
| reservoir | natural habitat for the organism for growth and multiplication of microorganisms |
| standard precautions | precautions used in the care of all hospitalized individuals regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status |
| sterilization | destroys all microorganisms including spores |
| surgical asepsis | sterile technique, practices used to render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms |
| vector | nonhuman carriers that transmit organisms from one host to another |
| virulence | ability to cause disease |
| virus | the smallest of all microorganisms, visible only with an electron microscope |
| transmission based precautions | precautions used in addition to standard for patients in hospitals with suspected infection with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne droplet or contact routes |
| asphyxiation | suffocation, air does not reach the lungs and breathing stops |
| bioterrorism | involves the deliberate spread of pathogenic organisms into a community |
| chemical terrorism | deliberate release of a chemical compound for the purpose of causing mass destruction |
| disaster | an event of greater magnitude that requires the response of people outside the involve community |
| ground | connection from an electricity source to the earth through which electric current leakage can be harmlessly conducted |
| incident report | a confidential document that objectively describes the circumstances of the accident |
| intimate partner violence (IPV) | domestic violence or battering caused by a spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend |
| nuclear terrorism | involves intentional dispersal if radioactive materials into the environment for the purpose of causing injury or death |
| poison control center | provide checklists for poison proofing a home and provide lists of toxic household items |
| sentinel event | an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk of death or injury |
| active exercises | patient independently moves joint through their full range of motion |
| ankylosis | consolidation and immobilization of a joint |
| atrophy | decrease muscle size |
| body mechanics | efficient use of the body as a machine and as a means of locomotion |
| cartilage | hard nonvascular connective tissue found in the joints as well as in the nose, ears, thorax, trachea, and larynx |
| contractors | permanent contraction of muscles |
| dangling | the position in which the person sits on the edge of the bed wth leds and feet over he side of the bed |
| exercise | active exertion of muscles involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups |
| flaccidity | decreased tone, hypotonicity |
| footdrop | foot is unable to maintain itself in the perpendicular position, heel-toe gait is impossible and the patient experiences extreme difficulty walking |
| isokinetic exercise | involves muscle contractions with resistance ex. leg lifts with weights |
| isometric exercise | involves muscle contraction without shortening ex.quad drills, pushing palms against chair or wall |
| isotonic exercise | involves muscle shortening and active movement ex. Active ROM, swimming, walking, bicycling, ADLs |
| ligaments | tough fibrous bands of connecting tissue that bind joints together and connect bones to cartilage |
| negative nitrogen balance | muscle wasting and decrease physical energy for movement and work |
| neurons | nerve cells that conduct impulses from one part of the body to another |
| orthopedics | refers to the correction or prevention of disorders of body structures in locomotion |
| osteoporosis | process of bone demineralization |
| paralysis | the absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment |
| paresis | impaired muscle strength or weakness |
| range of motion | complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable |
| passive exercise | patient is unable to move independently and the nurse moves each joint thought its range of motion |
| spasticity | increased tone that interferes with movement |
| tendons | strong flexible inelastic fibrous bands and flattened sheets of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone |
| tonus | terms used to describe the state of slight contraction--the usual state of skeletal muscles |
| actual nursing diagnosis | represents a problem that has been validated by the presence of major defining characteristics |
| collaborative problems | certain physiologic complication that nurses monitor to detect onset or changes in status |
| cue | significant information that is helpful in making decisions |
| data cluster | a grouping of patient data or cues that points to the existence of a patient health problem |
| diagnosing | identify how an individual group or community responds to actual or potential health and life processes |
| diagnostic error | erroneously labeling selected patient health patterns as unhealthy |
| health problems | condition that necessitates intervention to prevent or resolve disease or illness or to promote coping and wellness |
| medical diagnosis | identify diseases |
| nursing diagnosis | actual or potential health problems that can be prevented or resolved by independent nursing intervention |
| possible nursing diagnoses | statements describing a suspected problem or which additional data are needed |
| risk/high-risk nursing diagnoses | clinical judgement that an individual, family or community is more vulnerable to develop the problem that others in the same or similar situation |
| standard | norm, a generally accepted rule, measure, pattern or model to which data can be compared in the same category |
| syndrome nursing diagnoses | comprise a cluster of actual or risk nursing diagnosis that are predicted to be present because of a certain event or situation |
| wellness diagnoses | clinical judgements about an individual, group, or community in transition from a specific level of wellness to a higher level of wellness |
| clinical pathways (critical pathways CareMaps) | case management tools used to communicate the standardized, interdisiplinary plan of care for a particular group of patients; care guidelines and outcomes are specified for each day of a patients stay |
| computerized plans of nursing care | plans of patient care developed by computer software programs that enable the nurse to call up screens listing causes, goals and related nursing interventions for nursing diagnoses and medical diagnoses |
| criteria | specified behavior |
| discharge planning | systematic process for preparing the patient to leave and for maintaining continuity of care |
| expected outcome | specific, measurable criteria used to evaluate whether the patient goal has been met |
| goal | an aim or an end |
| initial planning | planning that addresses each problem listed in the prioritized nursing diagnosis and identifies appropriate patient goals and the related nursing care |
| Kardex care plan | trade name for a care plan documentation system that encompasses 1 prescriptions 2 nursing diagnoses and related patient goals and nursing orders 3 the nursing care related to diagnostic measures and the medical regimen |
| nursing intervention | independent nursing actions that involve carrying out nurse-prescribed interventions written on the nursing plan of care, as well as any other actions the nurse initiates without direction or supervision of a healthcare provider |
| ongoing planning | planning carried out by any nurse who interacts with a patient to keep the plan up to date. Used to facilitate the resolution of health problems, to manage risk factors and to promote function |
| outcome identification | observation of the patient to demonstrate the resolution of the problems identified by the nursing diagnoses and general problems list, along with the time frame for accomplishing there outcomes |
| patient outcome | an expected conclusion to a patient health problem, or in the event of a wellness diagnosis and expected conclusion to a a patients health expectation |
| plan of nursing care | written guide that directs the efforts of the nursing team as the nurses work with patients to meet health goals |
| planning | establish pateint goals to prevent reduce or resolve the problems identified in the nursing diagnoses and determination of related nursing interventions |
| standardized care plans | prepared plan of care that identifies the nursing diagnoses, patient goals, and related nursing orders common to a specific population or problem |
| concurrent evaluation | direct observation of nursing care, patient interviews and chart review to determine whether the specified evaluative criteria are met |
| criteria | measurable qualities, attributes or characteristics that specify skills, knowledge or health status |
| evaluating | fifth step of the nursing process, nursing and patient together measure how well the patient has achieved the outcomes specified in the plan of care |
| evidence based practice | designed and delivered nursing care that evidence supports as likely to produce the expected outcome |
| nursing audit | a method of evaluating nursing care that involves reviewing patient records to assess the outcomes of nursing care or process by which these outcome were achieved |
| outcome evaluation | focuses on measurable changes in the health status of the patient or the end or results of nursing care |
| peer review | the evaluation of one staff member by another on the same level in hierarchy |
| performance improvement | nurses commit to healthier patients, quality care, reduced costs and the personal satisfaction of knowing they are actually making a difference |
| process evaluation | nature and sequence of activities carried out by nurses implementing the nursing process |
| quality-assurance program | specially designed programs that promote excellence in nursing |
| quality improvement | commitment and approach used to continuously improve every process in every part of an organization with the intent of meeting and exceeding customer expectations and outcomes |
| retrospective evaluation | post discharge questionnaires, patient interviews or chart review |
| standards | levels of performance accepted and expected by the nursing staff or other health team members |
| structure evaluation | audit, focuses on the environment in which care is provided |
| collaborative interviews | interdependent nursing actions, performed jointly by nurses and other members of the healthcare team |
| delegation | the transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity to another individual while retaining accountability for the outcome |
| evidence-based practices | be sure that each nursing intervention is supported by a sound scientific rational |
| implementing | nursing actions planned are carried out |
| nurse-initiated intervention | independent nursing actions |
| nursing interventions | any treatment based on clinical judgement and knowledge that a nurse performs to enhance patient outcomes |
| physician-initiated interventions | dependent nursing actions, involve carrying out physician-prescribed orders |
| protocols | written plans that detail nursing activities to be executed in specific situations |
| standing orders | empower the nurse to initiate actions that ordinarily require the order or supervision of a physician |
| unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) | individuals trained to function in an assistive role to the RN in the provision of patient activities as delegated by and under the supervision of the RN |
Created by:
jaed008
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