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Genetics Vocab

telophase and stuff

QuestionAnswer
Meiosis 1 Involves interphase, prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, and telophase 1
Meiosis 2 involves prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2
Interphase DNA is replicated and makes a complete copy of its genetic information. This phase results in each chromatid having an identical copy, or sister chromatid, attached to it at the centromere. Doploid cell.
Prophase 1 Centromeres move to poles of cell and begin to make spindle fibers: made of microtubules. Chromosomes coil and become more compact which makes them visible. Homologous chromosomes pair so maternal and paternal chromosomes are next to eachother: bivalents
Metaphase 1 Bivalents line up randomly on cell equator. This phase is responsible for increasing genetic variation in offspring and homologous chromosomes line up. Spindle fibers attach to centromere of each homologous chromosome. nuclear membrane disintegrates
Anaphase 1 Spindle fibers pull homologous chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell, so each cell gets on of the two homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are separated which results in independent assortments of genes that are not linked. Diploid cell.
Telophase 1 Spindle fibers disintegrate. Chromosomes uncoil; a new nuclear membrane forms around two new nuclei. At the end of this phase cytokinesis occurs. Haploid cell and each chromatid still has its sister chromatid attached, so no S phase is needed after this.
Prophase 2 DNA coils and condenses into visible chromosomes again. New meiotic spindles are produced. Haploids cell with duplicated DNA.
Metaphase 2 NUC MEM disintegrates. Individual chromosomes line up along equator of each cell- no special order: random orientation- produces genetic variation. Spindle fibers attach to sister chromatid at their centromeres. Haploid cells with duplicated DNA.
Anaphase 2 Centromeres of each chromosome split, releasing each sister chromatid as an individual chromosome. The spindle fibers pull individual chromatids to opposite ends of the cell. Haploid cells with non-duplicated DNA.
Telophase 2 Spindle fibers disintegrate. Chromosomes become invisible again as they unwind their strands of DNA. NUC MEM forms around each of four haploid cells, preparing them for cytogenesis. Haploid cells with non-duplicated DNA.
Product of Meiosis 4 haploid cells with non- duplicated DNA. 4 sex cells with genetic variation compared to parental DNA.
Created by: Kathleen Wright
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