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Bio Ch 12 Terms
Biology Chapter 12 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sex Chromosome | One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. |
| Autosome | Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. |
| Sex-linked Trait | A trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans. |
| Linked Gene | One of a pair of genes that tend to be inherited together. |
| Chromosome Map | A diagram of gene positions on a chromosome. |
| Map Unit | In chromosome mapping, an increment of 1 percent in the frequency of crossing-over. |
| Germ-cell Mutation | Mutation that occurs in an organism's gametes. |
| Somatic-cell Mutation | A mutation that occurs in a body cell. |
| Lethal Mutation | A gene or chromosomal mutation that influences the development of an organism in such a way that the organism cannot survive. |
| Deletion | The loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome. |
| Inversion | A reversal in the order of the genes, or of a chromosome segment, within a chromosome. |
| Translocation | The movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another, which results in a change in the position of the segment; also the movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another. |
| Nondisjunction | The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis ! or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II. |
| Point Mutation | A mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed. |
| Substitution | A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide. |
| Frameshift Mutation | A mutation, such as the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a coding sequence, that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame. |
| Insertion Mutation | A mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene. |
| Pedigree | A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family. |
| Carrier | In genetics, an individual who has one copy of a recessive autosomal allele that causes disease in the homologous condition. |
| Genetic Disorder | An inherited disease or disorder that is caused by a mutation in a gene or by chromosomal defect. |
| Polygenic | Describes a character that is influenced by many genes. |
| Complex Character | A character such as skin color that is influenced strongly by both genes and the environment. |
| Multiple allele | More than two allele (versions of the gene) for a genetic trait. |
| Codominance | A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed. |
| Incomplete Dominance | A condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully. |
| Sex-influenced Trait | An autosomal trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones. |
| Huntington's Disease | A rare hereditary disease of the brain characterized by involuntary movements of the limbs or face, decreasing mental abilities, and eventual death. |
| Amniocentesis | A procedure used in fetal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus of the pregnant woman. |
| Chorionic Villi Sampling | A procedure in which the chorionic villi to are paralyzed to diagnose fetal genotypes. |
| Genetic counseling | The process of testing and informing potential parents about their genetic makeup and the likelihood that they will have offspring with genetic defects or hereditary diseases. |
| Gene Therapy | A technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome. |
Created by:
GarciaC17
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