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Bio 240 lecture
Exam 2 Q
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diplomonads | -lack mitochondria -2 separate nuclei -multiple flagella -ex: Gardia Lamblia: Parasite infects intestine |
| Parabasalids | -includes trichomonads -ex: Trichomonas Vaginalis -vagina of females and infects lining |
| Apicomplexans | -parasites of animals and sometimes cause serious human diseases -sporozoites: tiny infectious cells that parasites disseminates ex: plasmodium (malaria) |
| Ciliates | -use cilia's to move and feed -macronucleus: controls everyday function -micronucleus: required for sexual reproduction ex: paramecium |
| Oomycetes | -Heterotrphic stramenopiles -includes: water molds, white rusts, downy mildews -relatively large egg cells is fertilized by a smaller sperm nucleus forming a resistant zygote. |
| Radiolarians | "ray foot" have silica in cell walls (Rhizaria) -heterotrphic - |
| Foraminiferans | -are almost all marine (Rhizaria) -exoskeletons from calcium carbonate -pseudopodia |
| Amoebazoans | -animal like and fungus like -heterotrophs some are parasites |
| Slime Molds | -Neither fungi nor animals -mycetozoa -pseudopods -plasmodial slime molds -cellular slime molds - |
| Fungi: | - all eukaryotes -all heterotrophic -all acquire nutrients by absorption( extracellular digestion) -multicellular=filamentous -tiny hyphae makes big mat= mycelium -cross walls= septa - no septa= coenocytic -intranuclear mitosis and meiosis |
| Chytrids | - mainly aquatic -the only group with flagella -most primitive fungi |
| Zygote Fungi | -they form zygosporangia that contain zygote -cause storage decay of fruit and bread |
| Endomycorrhizae | - form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with 80% of the plants roots |
| Ascomycetes | -distinguished by sac-like sexual structures called asci -meisosis produces ascospores in asci -asexual spores called conidia - asexual stage called mold |
| Basidiomycetes | -club like sexual structures called basidia -meiosis produces basidiospores |
| Algae: | - all photosynthetic -all chlorophll a -non-vascular lacking water and sugar conducting tissues -simple reproductive structure -motile stage |
| Dinoflagellates | -chlorophyll a & c carotenoids xanthophylls and fucoxanthin -three chloroplast membranes |
| Euglena | - chlorophyll a &b -yellow xanthophylls -three chlorplast membranes |
| Diatoms | -glass like walls composed of hydrated silica -unicellular colonies -reproduce asexually - |
| Brown Algae | -phaeophyta -largest and most complex algae -heterokont flagella -produce alginic acid -fucoxanthins (what makes brown) |
| Red Algae | -cholorphyll a & d phycobilins especially phycoerythrin (what gives it red color) -two chloroplast membranes -lack flagella -multicellular -produce emulsifiers like agar and carageenan |
| Chlorophytes | -chlorophyll a & b -two chloroplast membranes -green algae yellow xanthophylls |
| Charophytes | -chlorophyll a & b -two chloroplast membranes -green algae yellow xanthophylls |
| Liverworts | - bryophte -first land plants ( like it) -Gametophyte dominant -no vascular tissue -homosporos -spores produced: sporangia -flagellated sperm -gemmae cups |
| Hornworts | -bryophyte -gametophyte -no vascular tissue -homosporous -sporangia -flagellated sperm -algal simbiant |
| Mosses | -bryophyte -hair cap moss -gametophyte dominant -no vascular tissue -homosporous -capsule -archegonia/antheridia |
| Lycopods | -club mosses -seedless vascular plant -sporophyte dominant - vascular tissue -hetero and homosporous - strobili -first true roots |
| Horsetails | -spehophytes -sporophyte dominant -vascular tissue -both again -sporangia in strobili -flagellated sperm |
| Whisk Ferns | -psilophytes -homosporous -sporophyte dominant -flagellated sperm -silica in leaves |
| Ferns | -pterophyta -found in nearly every habitat -first group with true leaves |
| Gymnosperms: | -naked seed plant |
| Gingko | -only one species exists today -deciduous and dioecious |
| Cycads | -palm like with compound leaves -circinate vernation -cone producers -evergreen and dioecious |
| Gnetum | -vine like and climb wood -monoecious and dioecious |
| Ephedra | -shrubs with long branches and scale like leaves -dioecious |
| Welwitschia | - only one species -dioecious |
| Conifers | -mostly monoecious -mostly evergreen -male and female cones |
| Angiosperms | -closed seed -flowering plants -carpels -allow for rapid speciation |
| Moss life cycle | |
| Fern life cycle | |
| Conifer life cycle | |
| What three groups were once called Archaezoa? | Diplomonads, parabasalids, microsporidia |
| Fungi 2: | -fungal hyphae have cell walls made of chitin -fungi store extra carbohydrates as glycogen and lipids -fungi disperse and reproduce by forming spores - |
| A group of organisms that lack mitochondria but have mitochondrial genes in their nuclei are called: | -diplomonads |
| The red tide organism belongs to a lineage called the: | -dinoflagellates |
| Fungi store excess carbohydrates in the compounds glycogen and lipids. These are also the storage compounds found in: | -animals |
| The lineage of algae that have phycobilin accessory pigments, lack a motile stage, are most diverse in warm tropical waters and who provide us with nori are the: | -Rhodophyta |
| Gametangia are: | -structures that produce gametes |
| Which life cycle patterns is characterized by: gametes are formed by meiosis and are the only haploid phase of the life cycle; the diploid phase is dominant | -Gametic meiosis |
| All organisms who have sexual cycles produce their gametes (eggs and sperms cells) by meiosis. T/F | -False |
| Which of the following features is present in the Chlorophyta green algae but absent in all of the land plants (Embryophytes)? | phycoplast |
| The Charophycean green alga Chara (shown here) shares all of the following features with the land plants: multicellular body, oogamous, protected gametangia, a cuticle and apical meristems.T/F | -false |
| What features are shared by all of the bryophytes (liverworts, hornworts, mosses). | A) no roots B) homosporous C) non-vascular D) nofunctioningstomata |
| Which of the following statements is correct? A) All seed plants form two types of sporangia B) The ovule contains the male gametophyte C) Pollen contains the female gametophyte D) The sperm of seed plants is motile E) All statements above are true | A) All seed plants form two types of sporangia |
| Dioecious plants form their pollen grains and ovules on different individuals. T/F | -True |
| Homosporous plants may form male spores and female spores. T/F | -True |
| Evergreen plants grow new leaves every year. T/F | -True |
| The nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo in conifer seeds is haploid. T/F | -True |
| Double fertilization means: | -both sperm nuclei are used to fertilize an ovule |
| A flower that is white, produces lots of pollen on projecting stamens, lots of nectar, and opens at night is most likely pollinated by a: | -bat |
| Grasses (like wheat, rye, corn) form fruits. T/F | -True |
| The flowers of pine trees are wind pollinated.T/F | -False |
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Awesomesauce182
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