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Genetics
Meiosis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Interphase | DNA replication duplicates the chromosomes making a complete copy of genetic information. One whole chromosome. |
| Prophase 1 | The centromeres move to the poles. The DNA condenses and goes through synapsis which is when the maternal and paternal chromosomes get into pairs (bivalents) and crossing over occurs which increases genetic variation. |
| Metaphase 1 | The bivalents line up on the cell equator through random orientation. |
| Anaphase 1 | The spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart and pull them to opposite sides of the cell. |
| Telophase 1 | The split chromosomes uncoil and a nuclear membrane forms around the two nuclei. Cytokinesis occurs creating two haploid cells. |
| Prophase 2 | The chromosomes recoil and new spindle fibers are produced. |
| Metaphase 2 | The nuclear membrane disintegrates and the individual chromosomes line up on the cell equator in random orientation and the spindle fibers attach. |
| Anaphase 2 | The chromosomes split and each sister chromatid is know an individual chromosome. |
| Telophase 2 | Nuclear membrane forms around the four haploid cells and cytokinesis occurs. |
| Chiasmata | In Metaphase 1, the location where crossing over occurs. |
| Crossing Over | When maternal and paternal chromosomes cross over and split off alleles creating genetic variation. During prophase 1. |
| Chromosome | A set amount of genes a coiled strand of DNA. |
| Chromatid | When the chromosome is duplicated there are two sister chromatids. |
| Duplicated Chromosomes | During interphase chromosomes are duplicated due to replication. |
| Non-Duplicated Chromosomes | Before interphase when the chromosome is not duplicated and is single without sister chromatids. |
| Bivalent | A pair of homologous chromosomes. |
| Synapsis | When homologous chromosomes line up in random orientation. |
| Random Orientation | The random pairing of maternal and paternal chromosomes. |
| Gametes | The end product of Meiosis a mature haploid cell. |
| Why is meiosis a reduction division? | Because it goes from 46 diploid cells to 23 haploid cells. |
| What are the stages of meiosis? | Interphase, Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2 |
| How is a chiasmata formed? | The chiasmata is formed when crossing over occurs. The chiasmata is the location where the loci from two different chromosomes line up. |
| How does crossing over result in exchange of alleles? | When crossing over occurs one chromosomes is cut and another non related chromosome is cut and at the same location, they form tougher exchanging alleles. |
| What is the end product of meiosis? | Four gametes that are genetically different and all haploids. |
| Two phases in meiosis that create the most genetic variation in the offspring. | Prophase 1 & Metaphase 1 |
Created by:
JefeBossMan
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