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Genetics Vocab

Topics 4 and 10

TermDefinition
Allele an alternative form of gene ex: eye color
Gene a factor that is inherited and controls specific characteristics
Genome The whole of the genetic information
Locus a specific location of a gene on the chromosome
Dominant Allele if it is present at all, then it shows up as that trait
Recessive Allele shows up if dominant gene is not present
Diploid a cell or organism that has 2 sets of chromosomes. During the diploid state, haploid numbers are doubles
Haploid The amount of chromosomes an organism has in it's gamete (sex cell)
Autosomes any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; everything but x and y
Genotype the genetic make-up of a living organism
Phenotype The physical appearance of expressed genes; trait
Sex Linked Traits a trait genetically determined by an Allele
Homologous Chromosomes chromosomes that contain the same genes
Sex Chromosomes Type of chromosome that determines sex or sexual characteristics.
Homozygous having two identical alleles of a gene.
Heterozygous having two different alleles of a gene.
Codominant allele pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in a heterozygote.
Carrier an individual that has one copy of a recessive allele that causes a genetic disease in individuals that are homozygous for this allele.
Test cross testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive.
Sex linkage when the gene controlling the characteristic is located on the sex chromosome and so we associate the characteristic with gender.
Difference between chromosomes and chromatids? Chromosome = one length of DNA which contains genes. Chromatid = Just before cells divide, the DNA replicates itself that has two sister chromatids.
Difference between single and duplicated chromosomes? single chromosomes are linear strands and duplicated chromosomes contain two copies and joined by a centromere.
Bivalents a pair of homologous chromosomes.
Synapsis Synapsis is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. The purpose of synapsis is to increase genetic variability.
Random orientation homologous chromosomes line up at the equator and pair randomly.
Gamete
Created by: Kathleen Wright
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